Discussion of vowel length, accentuation, and orthography in Greek names and adjectives ending in -ιος, -ειος, and -ος, with examples of place-names and ethnics (Χῖος, Φθῖος, Κεῖος) and citations from Homer, Thucydides, Herodotus.
ὡς πυσματικὰ καὶ ἀναφορικά, τὸ δὲ οἶος ὁ μόνος, ὅτι τὸ 'ο' πλεονάζει ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ. καὶ τὰ κύρια δὲ ὁμοίως, Μοῖος, Βοῖος ἔθνος Κελτογαλατῶν, Κοῖος. Οἰός δὲ ὁ δῆμος τῆς Ἀττικῆς ὀξύνεται. ἔστι δὲ καὶ πόλις Κρητικὴ καὶ ὄνομα λιμένος καὶ ῥεῖθρον. Τὰ εἰς 'ειος' δισύλλαβα ἐπιθετικὰ βαρύνεται, λεῖος, μεῖος, θεῖος, πλεῖος, ῥεῖος, χρεῖος, Κεῖος καὶ Τεῖος ἐκ τοῦ Κέϊος καὶ Τέϊος συναιρεθέντα. τὸ δὲ νειός ἐπὶ τῆς ἀνανεουμένης γῆς οὐκ ἀρσενικὸν καὶ μονογενές. * Τὰ εἰς 'ευος' δισύλλαβα κύρια προπερισπᾶται, Βεῦος ποταμὸς Μακεδονίας. Τὰ εἰς 'ος' καθαρὸν δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ι' μακρῷ ἀρχόμενα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἢ δύο συμφώνων βαρύνεται, πῖος καὶ Πῖος ὄνομα κύριον, Χῖος ὁ πολίτης τῆς Χίου. Θουκυδίδης ὀγδόῃ (c. 5) »Χῖοι καὶ Ἐρυθραῖοι ἀποστῆναι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕτοιμοι ὄντες«. καὶ Ἡρόδοτος πρώτῃ (c. 142) »Χῖοι καὶ Ἐρυθραῖοι κατὰ τωὐτὸ διαλέγονται«. τὸ 'ι' μακρὸν ὡς τοῦ μήτι »μήτι δ´ ἡνίοχος« (Il. Ψ 318) καὶ τοῦ Θέτι »πάντα Θέτι καλλιπλοκάμῳ ζωάγρια τίνειν« (Il. Σ 407). τὸ δὲ πρωτότυπον βραχὺ ἔχει τὸ 'ι'. δῖος. Θρῖος ὄνομα τόπου. Γρῖος, Φθῖος ἥρως καὶ ἔθνος »Λοκροὶ καὶ Φθῖοι« (Il. Ν 686). λέγονται καὶ Φθῖες. Φλῖος ὁ Διόνυσος καὶ ὄνομα πόλεως, ὃ διφορεῖται κατὰ τὴν γραφήν, τινὲς μὲν γὰρ διὰ τοῦ 'ι' γράφουσι αὐτό, τινὲς δὲ διὰ τῆς 'ει' διφθόγγου. τὸ κριός ὁ ἐξέχων τῆς ποίμνης παρὰ τὸ κεκρίσθαι τὰς τρίχας σεσημείωται ὀξυνόμενον. τὸ δὲ Κρῖος ὄνομα Τιτᾶνος προπερισπῶσι πρὸς διαστολὴν τοῦ προσηγορικοῦ, ὁ δὲ Ἀρίσταρχος καὶ τὸ κύριον ὀξύνει. γράφεται δὲ διὰ τοῦ 'ι' τῷ κανόνι τῶν διὰ τοῦ 'ιος' δισυλλάβων ἀρσενικῶν διὰ τοῦ 'ι' γραφομένων. τὸ δὲ ἰός ἐπὶ τοῦ βέλους ἀπὸ φωνήεντος ἄρχεται.
As interrogative and relative forms; but οἶος, “alone,” because the ο is superfluous at the beginning. And proper names likewise: Μοῖος, Βοῖος, a people of the Celtogalli, Κοῖος. But Οἰός, the deme of Attica, is accented with an acute. There is also a Cretan city, and the name of a harbor and a stream.
Disyllabic adjectival forms in -ειος are accented with a grave: λεῖος, μεῖος, θεῖος, πλεῖος, ῥεῖος, χρεῖος, Κεῖος and Τεῖος, contracted from Κέϊος and Τέϊος. But νειός, in the sense of land being renewed, is not masculine and is of one gender.
Disyllabic proper names in -ευος are accented with a circumflex on the antepenult: Βεῦος, a river of Macedonia.
Disyllabic forms in pure -ος, with the penult containing long ι, beginning with one or two consonants, are accented with a grave: πῖος, and Πῖος as a proper name; Χῖος, the citizen of Chios. Thucydides in the eighth book (c. 5): “Χῖοι καὶ Ἐρυθραῖοι ἀποστῆναι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕτοιμοι ὄντες.” And Herodotus in the first book (c. 142): “Χῖοι καὶ Ἐρυθραῖοι κατὰ τωὐτὸ διαλέγονται.” The ι is long, as in μήτι, “μήτι δ´ ἡνίοχος” (Il. Ψ 318), and in Θέτι, “πάντα Θέτι καλλιπλοκάμῳ ζωάγρια τίνειν” (Il. Σ 407). But the original has short ι: δῖος. Θρῖος, a place-name. Γρῖος. Φθῖος, a hero and a people: “Λοκροὶ καὶ Φθῖοι” (Il. Ν 686); they are also called Φθῖες. Φλῖος, Dionysus, and the name of a city, which varies in spelling, for some write it with ι, others with the diphthong ει.
κριός, the one outstanding in the flock, from the hairs having been separated, is noted as being accented with an acute. But Κρῖος, the name of a Titan, they accent with a circumflex on the antepenult, to distinguish it from the appellative; Aristarchus, however, also accents the proper name with an acute. It is written with ι, according to the rule for disyllabic masculine forms in -ιος written with ι. But ἰός, in the sense of “arrow,” begins with a vowel.