Phonological and ethnographic notes on -ιος/-ειος/-ῳος adjectival forms and accent modification in Greek ethnikai and epithets; examples of tribal names and adjectival formations (e.g., Βοιώτιος, Πευκέτιος, Τήϊος, Νυσήϊον) and rules about proparoxytone and pleonasm.
Βοιώτιος, Στράτιος, Μυτιστράτιος, Μαδύτιος, Σαββάτιος, Συβότιος, Φοίτιος υἱὸς Ἀλκμέωνος τοῦ Ἀμφιαράου καὶ τὸ ἐθνικόν, ὡς Ἑλλάνικος ἐν τοῖς Τρωϊκοῖς. Ἐλεύτιος ἔθνος τῆς Ἰαπυγίας. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. Πευκέτιος ἔθνος περὶ τὸ Ἰόνιον πέλαγος. Ἡρόδωρος δὲ καὶ Πευκετεῖς αὐτοὺς καλεῖ. Αἰπύτιος «Αἰπύτιον παρὰ τύμβον» (Il. Β 604). Ἀκύτιος, Βρέττιος, Βρούττιος. τὸ δὲ πλησίος καὶ ἀντίος σεσημείωται. Σκοτίος, Κλυτίος κύρια καὶ τριβράχεα καὶ τὸ Φρασίος. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ιος' καθαρὰ πρὸ τοῦ 'ι' 'η' ἢ 'ω' ἔχοντα προπαροξύνονται. καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ διάλυσιν ἀπὸ τῶν διὰ τοῦ 'ειος' καὶ ἔκτασιν τοῦ 'ε' εἰς τὸ 'η' γίνονται, νήϊος, δήϊος ἐκ τοῦ δέϊος, γήϊος, Τήϊος, ἀφ´ οὗ «Πρωταγόρας ὁ Τήϊος». Κήϊος, βασιλήϊος, Ἰλιήϊος, χαλκήϊος, Ὀδυσσήϊος, ἀρχήϊος, Παταρήϊος, Πυθήϊος, Λυρκήϊος, Αἰολήϊος, Μινυήϊος, Τριχωνήϊος, Ἁλήϊος «Ἁλήϊον πεδίον». τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ πλεονασμοῦ ἔχει τὸ 'η' κατὰ τὴν τρίτην συλλαβήν, πολεμήϊος, ποιμνήϊος, ταφήϊος. τὸ δὲ Νυσήϊον (Il. Ζ 133) ἀμφίβολον· εἰ μὲν γὰρ παρὰ τὸ Νύσιον, πλεονασμὸς τοῦ 'η'. εἰ δὲ παρὰ τὸ Νῦσα, ὤφειλεν εἶναι Νύσειον, ἀλλ´ ὥσπερ παρὰ τὸ ἄρειον ἀρήϊον αὐξήσει γέγονεν, οὕτως Νυσήϊον· ὥστε δύναται διαίρεσις εἶναι καὶ ἐπέκτασις, ἀλλ´ οὐ πλεονασμός. τὸ δὲ αἰζήϊος ἐπλεόνασε τὸ 'ι', οὐ τὸ 'η'. τὰ δὲ εἰς 'ιος' τὸ 'ω' κατὰ τὴν τρίτην συλλαβὴν ἔχοντα ἀπὸ τῶν διὰ τοῦ 'ῳος' κατὰ διάλυσιν γίνονται, Κῷος καὶ Κώϊος, Μινῷος καὶ Μινώϊος, λώϊος, πατρώϊος, ἡρώϊος, Τρώϊος, Λητώϊος. τὸ δὲ Ὁμολώϊος «Ζεὺς Ὁμολώϊος» ἐστὶ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ 'ω'. Ἔτι τὰ εἰς 'ιος' μὴ καθαρὰ τῷ 'η' ἢ τῷ 'ω' παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται, ἤπιος, Ἀλμώπιος, Συώπιος ἔθνος προσεχὲς τοῖς Λιβυρνοῖς,
Boeotius, Stratius, Mytistratius, Madytius, Sabbatius, Sybotius, Phoitius son of Alcmaeon son of Amphiaraus, and the ethnic name, as Hellanicus [says] in the Troica. Eleutius, a people of Iapygia—Hecataeus in the Europa. Peucetius, a people around the Ionian sea; and Herodorus also calls them Peuceteis. Aipytius: “by the tomb of Aipytius” (Il. Β 604). Acytius, Brettius, Bruttius. And πλησίος and ἀντίος have been noted. Scotius, Clytius—proper names and tribrachs—and also Phrasios.
The forms in -ιος that are pure, having η or ω before the ι, are accented on the antepenult. And some, by resolution from those in -ειος and by lengthening of ε to η, come to be: νήϊος, δήϊος from δέϊος, γήϊος, Τήϊος, from which “Protagoras the Τήϊος”; Κήϊος, βασιλήϊος, Ἰλιήϊος, χαλκήϊος, Ὀδυσσήϊος, ἀρχήϊος, Παταρήϊος, Πυθήϊος, Λυρκήϊος, Αἰολήϊος, Μινυήϊος, Τριχωνήϊος, Ἁλήϊος, “the Ἁλήϊον plain.” But those that arise from pleonasm have η in the third syllable: πολεμήϊος, ποιμνήϊος, ταφήϊος. And Νυσήϊον (Il. Ζ 133) is ambiguous: for if it is from Νύσιον, it is a pleonasm of η; but if from Νῦσα, it ought to be Νύσειον, but just as from ἄρειον ἀρήϊον has come to be by increase, so too Νυσήϊον; so that it can be a resolution and a lengthening, but not a pleonasm. But αἰζήϊος has added ι, not η.
And the forms ending in -ιος that have ω in the third syllable come to be by resolution from those in -ῳος: Κῷος and Κώϊος, Μινῷος and Μινώϊος, λώϊος, πατρώϊος, ἡρώϊος, Τρώϊος, Λητώϊος. But Ὁμολώϊος, “Zeus Ὁμολώϊος,” is by pleonasm of ω. Further, the forms in -ιος that are not pure, with η or ω in the penult, are barytone: ἤπιος, Ἀλμώπιος, Συώπιος, a people neighboring the Liburnians.