Discussion of accentuation of Greek words ending in -ιος and similar suffixes, with examples including place-names, ethnics, and adjectives; rules on proparoxytone vs. oxytone forms and behavior with diphthongs and doubled letters.
ὡς Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. τὸ δὲ Ἀσκληπιός ὀξύνεται. τὸν δὲ παραλόγως ὀξύνεσθαι δοκοῦντα Ἀσκληπιόν ὁ Δημοσθένης ἐθεράπευσεν, Ἀσκλήπιον προπαροξυτόνως τολμήσας προφέρειν αὐτόν, ὡς καὶ Πλούταρχος ἱστορεῖ. Τὰ εἰς 'λιος' ὑπερτρισύλλαβα προπαροξύνεται, εἰ μὴ ὀρνέου κατηγοροίη, ἐνάλιος, Παράλιος, Δενθάλιος καὶ Δενθάλιοι πόλις μία τῶν περιμαχήτων Μεσσηνίοις καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις, Κυάλιος, Φαρσάλιος καὶ Φαρράλιος διὰ δύο 'ρρ' ὡς Μυρρίνη καὶ κόρρη καὶ «ἐπὶ κόρρης». Μαινάλιος, Οἰχάλιος, Πατάλιος, Δασάλιος ὁ Διόνυσος, θεμέλιος, ἠέλιος, νυκτέλιος, ἀεικέλιος, κειμήλιος, γαμήλιος, Ταργήλιος, ἀπατήλιος. Τήλιος ὄνομα ἔθνους· Ἀνδροτίων ἕκτῳ Ἀτθίδος. Ὀλβήλιος, Ῥακήλιος, Αἰγίλιος, Πραξίλιος, ἐμφύλιος· λέγεται καὶ φύλιος ἄνευ τοῦ ἐν, Παμφύλιος, Τριφύλιος, Μασύλιος, ἔθνος Λιβυκόν. Ἀπολλόδωρος βʹ. Πολύβιος ἐν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ Μασυλεῖς αὐτούς φησι. Οἰτύλιος, Αἰτώλιος, ἀποφώλιος, Ὀκώλιος. τὸ μέντοι λαλιός, πελιός ὁ πολιός, σκολιός, φαλιός ὁ λευκομέτωπος, βαλιός ὡς τρισύλλαβα ὀξύνεται. τὸ δὲ Βαλίος ἐπὶ κυρίου παροξύνεται, τὸ δὲ Ἅλιος κύριον προπαροξύνει ἡ συνήθης ἀνάγνωσις. τὸ δὲ Κώλιος αὔλιος ἐστὶ τοπικά. τὸ δὲ αἰγωλιός ὁ ἐρῳδιός, ἑδωλιός, βομβυλιός ὡς ἐπὶ ὀρνέων κατηγορούμενα ὀξύνεται. Τὰ ἀπὸ ἐνεστώτων γενόμενα εἰς 'ιος' προπαροξύνεται, αἰτῶ αἴτιος, ἁρμόζω ἁρμόδιος, ἀρκῶ ἄρκιος, ἀρτῶ ἄρτιος. τὸ δὲ ἀντῶ ἀντίος σεσημείωται παροξυνόμενον. ὤφειλε δὲ καὶ διὰ τῆς 'ει' διφθόγγου
As Hecataeus has it, Εὐρώπῃ. But Ἀσκληπιός is accented with an acute. And the Ἀσκληπιός that seems to be accented with an acute contrary to rule Demosthenes corrected, daring to pronounce it as Ἀσκλήπιον with the antepenult accented, as Plutarch too relates. Words ending in -λιος that are more than three syllables are accented on the antepenult, unless they are predicated of a bird: ἐνάλιος, Παράλιος, Δενθάλιος—and Δενθάλιοι, a single city, one of those fought over by the Messenians and the Lacedaemonians—Κυάλιος, Φαρσάλιος, and Φαρράλιος with double ρρ, as Μυρρίνη and κόρρη and “ἐπὶ κόρρης”. Μαινάλιος, Οἰχάλιος, Πατάλιος, Δασάλιος (Dionysus), θεμέλιος, ἠέλιος, νυκτέλιος, ἀεικέλιος, κειμήλιος, γαμήλιος, Ταργήλιος, ἀπατήλιος. Τήλιος is the name of a people; Androtion in the sixth book of the Atthis. Ὀλβήλιος, Ῥακήλιος, Αἰγίλιος, Πραξίλιος, ἐμφύλιος; it is also said φύλιος without the ἐν; Παμφύλιος, Τριφύλιος, Μασύλιος, a Libyan people. Apollodorus, book 2. Polybius in the seventh book says they are Μασυλεῖς. Οἰτύλιος, Αἰτώλιος, ἀποφώλιος, Ὀκώλιος. However, λαλιός, πελιός (i.e. πολιός), σκολιός, φαλιός (i.e. the white-foreheaded), βαλιός, as trisyllables, are accented with an acute. But Βαλίος as a proper name is accented on the penult, and Ἅλιος as a proper name is accented on the antepenult in the customary reading. Κώλιος and αὔλιος are local (adjectives). But αἰγωλιός (the heron), ἑδωλιός, βομβυλιός, as being predicated of birds, are accented with an acute. Words in -ιος formed from present stems are accented on the antepenult: αἰτῶ → αἴτιος, ἁρμόζω → ἁρμόδιος, ἀρκῶ → ἄρκιος, ἀρτῶ → ἄρτιος. But ἀντῶ → ἀντίος is noted as being accented on the penult. It ought also to be written with the diphthong ει.