Discussion of adjectival forms and derivations (e.g., ἁραιός, ῥαιός, ἀραῖος, ἠβαιός) and formation of ethnic adjectives in -αιος with many ethnonyms (Ἀθηναῖος, Θηβαῖος, Ῥωμαῖος, Αἰγαῖος, etc.), plus lists and brief notes on various peoples.
τὸ κνέφας κνεφαῖος, οὖδας οὐδαῖος. τὸ δὲ ἁραιός ὁ μὴ πυκνὸς παρὰ τὸ ῥαιός ἐν πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'α', μετελθούσης τῆς δασείας τοῦ 'ρ' εἰς τὸ 'α', καθὼς καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ῥέζω καὶ ἕρδω, τὸ δὲ ῥαιός ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥαίω ῥήματος, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ φθείρω. τὸ δὲ ἀραῖος ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρᾶς. καὶ τὸ ἠβαιός παρὰ τὸ βαιός πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'η', τὸ δὲ βαιός ἀπὸ τοῦ βῆναι βαός καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'ι' βαιός ὁ ἐπ´ ὀλίγον χρόνον βεβηκώς. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αιος' ἐθνικὰ προπερισπᾶται, Ἀθηναῖος, Θηβαῖος, Ῥωμαῖος, Αἰγαῖος, Ἀγραῖος ἔθνος Ἀράβιον ὡς ἐν ἑκκαιδεκάτῳ Στράβων. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἕτερον ἔθνος Ἀκαρνάνων ὡς Θουκυδίδης ἐν τρίτῃ (c. 106. 111. 114). λέγονται καὶ Ἀγραεῖς, ὡς Ἐρατοσθένης. Βακκαῖος Ἱσπανίας ἔθνος. Γαλιλαῖος ἔθνος Ἰουδαίας. Γενοαῖος ἔθνος Μολοσσίας ἀπὸ Γενόου ἄρχοντος αὐτῶν, Ῥιανὸς τετάρτῃ Θεσσαλικῶν. Δερραῖος Θρᾴκιον ἔθνος. Ἡρόδοτος Δερσαίους αὐτούς φησι ( 7, 110). Δυρβαῖος ἔθνος καθῆκον εἰς Βάκτρους καὶ τὴν Ἰνδικήν. Κτησίας ἐν Περσικῶν ιʹ «χώρη δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν πρόσκειται Δυρβαῖοι, πρὸς τὴν Βακτρίην καὶ Ἰνδικὴν κατατείνοντες. οὗτοι εὐδαίμονες ἄνδρες καὶ πλούσιοι καὶ κάρτα δίκαιοί εἰσι, οὔτε ἀδικέοντες οὔτε ἀποκτιννύοντες ἄνθρωπον οὐδένα. ἐὰν δέ τι εὕρωσι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἢ χρυσίον ἢ ἱμάτιον ἢ ἀργύριον ἢ ἄλλο τι, οὐδὲν ἀποκινήσειαν. οὗτοι οὔτε ἀρτοποιέουσι οὔτε ἐσθίουσι οὔτε νομίζουσι ἐὰν μὴ ἱρῶν οὕνεκεν. ἄλφιτα δὲ ποιέουσι λεπτότερα κατάπερ οἱ Ἕλληνες καὶ ἐσθίουσι μάζας ποῶν». Ἑβραῖος. οὕτως Ἰουδαῖοι ἀπὸ Ἀβράμωνος, ὥς φησι Χάραξ. Θαμαναῖος ἔθνος Πέρσαις ὑπήκοον. Ἡρόδοτος τρίτῃ (c. 93). Ἰβαῖος ὁ καὶ Ἰβηνός ἔθνος Κελτικῆς. Λαιαῖος ἔθνος Παιονικόν. Θουκυδίδης δευτέρᾳ ( 96). Παναῖος ἔθνος Ἠδωνικὸν οὐ πόρρω Ἀμφιπόλεως. Μιναῖος ἔθνος ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς θαλάσσης. Παρθυαῖοι ἔθνος πάλαι μὲν Σκυθικόν, ὕστερον δὲ φυγὸν ἢ μετοικῆσαν ἐπὶ Μήδους, κληθὲν δὲ οὕτως παρὰ Μήδοις διὰ τὴν φύσιν τῆς αὐτοὺς δεξαμένης γῆς ἑλώδους καὶ ἀγκώδους οὔσης, ἢ διὰ τὴν φυγήν, καθότι οἱ Σκύθαι τοὺς φυγάδας πάρθους καλοῦσι. λέγονται δὲ καὶ Πάρθοι καὶ Πάρθιοι. Πλαδαραῖος ἔθνος πρὸς ἄρκτον κείμενον. Πλαραῖος ἔθνος Ἠπείρου. λέγονται δὲ καὶ Πλάριοι. Ῥονδαῖος ἔθνος Θρᾳκικόν. Σινδοναῖος Θρᾴκιον ἔθνος, ὡς Ἑκαταῖος ἐν Εὐρώπῃ. Χωραμναῖος ἔθνος Περσικὸν ἀγρίων ἀνθρώπων. Κτησίας ἐν Περσικῶν δεκάτῳ «οὕτω δὲ ταχύς ἐστιν ὁ ἄγριος ἄνθρωπος, ὡς καὶ διώκων τὰς ἐλάφους καταλαμβάνειν». σεσημείωται τὸ Ἀχαιός τὸ ἐθνικὸν καὶ τὸ κύριον ὀξυνόμενον καὶ τὸ Ἐρυσίχαιος
κνέφας gives κνεφαῖος; οὖδας, οὐδαῖος. But ἁραιός, “not thick,” is from ῥαιός with the addition of α, the rough breathing of ρ having passed over to the α, as also in the case of ῥέζω and ἕρδω; and ῥαιός is from the verb ῥαίω, which means “I destroy.” But ἀραῖος is from ἀρά. And ἠβαιός is from βαιός by addition of η; and βαιός is from βῆναι, βαός, and by addition of ι, βαιός, “one who has gone for a short time.” Ethnics in -αιος are accented with the circumflex on the antepenult: Ἀθηναῖος, Θηβαῖος, Ῥωμαῖος, Αἰγαῖος, Ἀγραῖος, an Arabian people, as in the sixteenth book of Strabo. There is also another people of the Acarnanians, as Thucydides in the third book (c. 106. 111. 114). They are also called Ἀγραεῖς, as Eratosthenes says. Βακκαῖος, a people of Spain. Γαλιλαῖος, a people of Judaea. Γενοαῖος, a people of Molossia, from Γενόος their ruler, as Rhianus in the fourth book of the Thessalica. Δερραῖος, a Thracian people; Herodotus says they are the Δερσαῖοι (7, 110). Δυρβαῖος, a people belonging to the Bactrians and to India. Ctesias in the tenth book of the Persica: “And a country adjoining him is held by the Δυρβαῖοι, stretching toward Bactria and India. These are prosperous and rich men and are very just, neither doing wrong nor killing any human being. And if they find on the road either gold or a garment or silver or anything else, they would not move it at all. These neither bake bread nor eat nor think it right, unless for the sake of sacrifices. They make barley-meal finer, just as the Greeks do, and eat cakes of grasses.” Ἑβραῖος: thus the Jews are from Abraham, as Charax says. Θαμαναῖος, a people subject to the Persians; Herodotus in the third book (c. 93). Ἰβαῖος, also Ἰβηνός, a people of Celtica. Λαιαῖος, a Paeonian people; Thucydides in the second book (96). Παναῖος, an Edonian people not far from Amphipolis. Μιναῖος, a people on the coast of the Red Sea. Παρθυαῖοι, a people formerly Scythian, but later having fled or migrated to the Medes, and so called among the Medes either because the nature of the land that received them was marshy and full of bends, or because of their flight, since the Scythians call fugitives πάρθοι. They are also called Πάρθοι and Πάρθιοι. Πλαδαραῖος, a people lying toward the north. Πλαραῖος, a people of Epirus; they are also called Πλάριοι. Ῥονδαῖος, a Thracian people. Σινδοναῖος, a Thracian people, as Hecataeus in the Europa. Χωραμναῖος, a Persian people of wild men. Ctesias in the tenth book of the Persica: “So swift is the wild man that, even while pursuing deer, he catches them.” It is noted that Ἀχαιός, both the ethnic and the proper name, is accented with an acute, and likewise Ἐρυσίχαιος.