List of adjectives and ethnics in -αιος/-αῖος, their accentuation patterns (proparoxytone, perispomenon), derivation from verbs, prepositions, and examples of place/ethnic names.
Ὀρδαῖος, Ἐορδαῖος. Ἰδαῖος, Λαδαῖος, Μενδαῖος. τὸ δὲ Πήδαιος προπαροξύνεται ὡς παρὰ ῥῆμα γεγονός. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'λαιος' προπερισπᾶται, ὑλαῖος, βουλαῖος, ζηλαῖος. τὸ δὲ δείλαιος καὶ φύλαιος προπαροξύνεται. ἔτι σημειοῦνται τὰ ἐν ἀρχῇ πρόθεσιν ἔχοντα, ἐπιπόλαιος ἢ ἀπὸ ῥήματος ὥσπερ τὸ Φίλαιος ἀπὸ τοῦ φιλῶ, ἢ ἀπὸ ἐπιρρήματος ὥσπερ τὸ παλαιός ἀπὸ τοῦ πάλαι καὶ τὰ κατὰ διαστολὴν γινόμενα Παλαῖος τὸ κύριον, παλαιός δὲ τὸ ἐπίθετον, Πύλαιος τὸ κύριον καὶ ὁ Ἑρμῆς ὁ Πύλαιος πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τοῦ τοπικοῦ. Τὰ εἰς 'μαιος' προπερισπᾶται, εἰ μὴ διαστολὴ γένοιτο κυρίου ἢ εἴη σύνθετον, πυγμαῖος καὶ Πυγμαῖος, υἱὸς Δώρου τοῦ Ἐπάφου, ἀφ´ οὗ Πυγμαῖοι ἔθνος, δρομαῖος, ἀκμαῖος, ἰμαῖος ἡ ἐπιμύλιος ᾠδή. δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ὄνομα κύριον. ἐρημαῖος. Πτολεμαῖος. Ἰδουμαῖος ἔθνος Ἑβραίων ἀπὸ ἀδώμου (ἄδωμα γὰρ οἱ Ἑβραῖοι τὸ ἐρυθρὸν καλοῦσιν), ὅτι ξανθὸν βρῶμα δοὺς αὐτῷ ὁ ἀδελφὸς τὰ πρωτεῖα εἰλήφει. Ῥωμαῖος, Δαλμαῖος ἔθνος παρὰ τοῖς Ἰχθυοφάγοις, ὡς Ἀπολλόδωρος. Ἑρμαῖος, ὅθεν τὸ Ἑρμαῖον κάρα παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ. τὸ δὲ Ἕρμαιος κύριον πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν προπαροξύνεται καὶ τὸ «ὅθι θ´ Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν» (Od. π 471) καὶ τὸ φιλορώμαιος σύνθετον ὄν. Τὸ δὲ Τίμαιος σεσημείωται. ἔχει δὲ ἀφορμήν, ὅτι ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ προκατάρχει. καὶ τὸ Εὔμαιος δέ ἐστιν σύνθετον. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'χαιος' προπερισπῶνται, ἀρχαῖος, τροχαῖος, λοχαῖος, λεχαῖος, νυχαῖος, ἡσυχαῖος, Παγχαῖος. τὸ δὲ Ἀχαιός ὀξυνόμενον καὶ τὸ ἐρυσίχαιος προπαροξυνόμενον σεσημείωται. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αιος' ἔχοντα πρὸ τῆς 'αι' ἕν τι τῶν διπλῶν ἢ τὸ 'σ' περισπῶνται, κοραξαῖος, Γαζαῖος, Στρεψαῖος ὁ Ἑρμῆς παρὰ τῷ Ἀριστοφάνει παρὰ τὸ διεστράφθαι τὰς ὄψεις, καὶ ἔθνος Μακεδονίας. Νισαῖος, χερσαῖος, Πισαῖος, Μουσαῖος, Δερσαῖος Θρᾴκιον ἔθνος. Ἡρόδοτος. Τὰ ἀπὸ ἐπιρρημάτων προπερισπῶνται, χύδην χυδαῖος, ἄντην ἀνταῖος.
Ordaeus, Eordaeus. Idaeus, Ladaeus, Mendaeus. But Πήδαιος is accented on the antepenult, as having arisen from a verb. The forms in -λαιος are accented with a circumflex on the penult: ὑλαῖος, βουλαῖος, ζηλαῖος; but δείλαιος and φύλαιος are accented on the antepenult. Further are noted those which at the beginning have a preposition, ἐπιπόλαιος, or are from a verb, as Φίλαιος from φιλῶ, or from an adverb, as παλαιός from πάλαι, and those produced by distinction: Παλαῖος the proper name, but παλαιός the adjective; Πύλαιος the proper name, and Ἑρμῆς ὁ Πύλαιος by way of contrast with the local epithet. The forms in -μαιος are accented with a circumflex on the penult, unless a distinction is made for a proper name or it is a compound: πυγμαῖος and Πυγμαῖος, son of Δῶρος son of Ἔπαφος, from whom the Πυγμαῖοι are a people; δρομαῖος, ἀκμαῖος, ἰμαῖος, the mill-song. It also denotes a proper name: ἐρημαῖος; Πτολεμαῖος. Ἰδουμαῖος, a people of the Hebrews, from ἀδώμου (for the Hebrews call red ἄδωμα), because his brother, giving him tawny food, received the birthright. Ῥωμαῖος; Δαλμαῖος, a people among the Fish-eaters, as Apollodorus says. Ἑρμαῖος, whence Ἑρμαῖον κάρα in Sophocles. But Ἕρμαιος, a proper name, is accented on the antepenult by way of distinction, and so too “ὅθι θ´ Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν” (Od. π 471), and φιλορώμαιος, since it is a compound. But Τίμαιος is marked as exceptional; and it has its occasion in that its verb is prior in origin. And Εὔμαιος too is a compound. The forms in -χαιος are accented with a circumflex on the penult: ἀρχαῖος, τροχαῖος, λοχαῖος, λεχαῖος, νυχαῖος, ἡσυχαῖος, Παγχαῖος; but Ἀχαιός, accented with an acute, and ἐρυσίχαιος, accented on the antepenult, are marked as exceptional. The forms in -αιος which have before -αι one of the double consonants or σ are accented with a circumflex: κοραξαῖος, Γαζαῖος, Στρεψαῖος—Hermes in Aristophanes, from the twisting of the eyes—and also a people of Macedonia; Νισαῖος, χερσαῖος, Πισαῖος, Μουσαῖος, Δερσαῖος, a Thracian people. Herodotus. The forms from adverbs are accented with a circumflex on the penult: from χύδην, χυδαῖος; from ἄντην, ἀνταῖος.