Discussion of accentuation/oxytone tendency in Greek words and place names ending in -ην and -λην, with examples and exceptions (e.g., Τροιζήν, Κεβρήν, Ἕλλην).
παρασχηματισμὸν οἷον Ἀγήν, αὐχήν, ἀτμήν, ἀπτήν, ἀκτήν, ἁδήν ἡ νόσος. Τὰ εἰς 'ην' λήγοντα ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ 'η' τὸ 'σ' ἢ διπλοῦν σύμφωνον μὴ παραληγόμενον τῇ 'ου' διφθόγγῳ ὀξύνεσθαι θέλει, εἰ μὴ παρασχηματίζοιτο οὐδετέρῳ γένει οἷον ἐσσήν ὁ οἰκιστής «Μυρμιδόνων ἐσσῆνα» Καλλίμαχος. καμασήν ὁ ἰχθῦς, Δαμασήν, ἐρσήν, Αἰζήν, Ταντάλου παῖς, ἀφ´ οὗ ἐν Φρυγίᾳ πόλις Αἰζανοί. Ἀζήν ἔθνος τῆς Ἀρκαδίας ὃ καὶ Ἀζάν, ἀζήν ὁ πώγων κατὰ Φρύγας, ἀψήν. Τροιζήν καὶ ὁ κτιστὴς καὶ ἡ πόλις. εὑρίσκεται γὰρ καὶ πόλεσιν ὁμοφωνοῦντα τὰ τῶν κτιστῶν ὀνόματα· Καμικός Κολοφών Κόρινθος Κῶς Σικυών Κύρνος Λέσβος· οὕτως καὶ Τροιζήν· ἔστι δὲ πόλις Πελοποννήσου· ἔστι καὶ ἄλλη Τροιζήν ἐν Μασσαλίᾳ τῆς Ἰταλίας, ἣν Χάραξ Τροιζηνίδα χώραν φησίν. Τὰ εἰς 'λην' λήγοντα ὀξύνεται βαλλήν οὕτως ὁ βασιλεύς, Τελλήν, Ὠλήν, σωλήν, κωλήν, στελήν. σεσημείωται τὸ Ἕλλην βαρυνόμενον. Τὰ εἰς 'ην' ἁπλᾶ ἔχοντα δεδιπλασιασμένον σύμφωνον ὀξύνεται ἐσσήν, ὀσσήν, Τελλήν, βαλλήν πλὴν τοῦ Ἕλλην καὶ ὁ ἥρως καὶ τὸ ἔθνος. τὸ δὲ ἄρρην Ἀττικῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρσην γέγονε. Τὰ εἰς 'ην' κατ´ ἐπιπλοκὴν δύο συμφώνων ὀξύνεται, πυθμήν, Κεβρήν ποταμός, ἀφ´ οὗ Κεβρηνία χώρα τῆς Τρῳάδος. Δίδυμος δὲ Κεβρῆνα τὴν πόλιν φησίν—πλὴν τοῦ Ἕκτην, ὃ ἔχει τὴν πρὸ τέλους
A change of form, such as Ἀγήν, αὐχήν, ἀτμήν, ἀπτήν, ἀκτήν, ἁδήν, the disease. Words ending in -ην which have before the η an σ or a double consonant not preceded by the diphthong ου want to be accented with an acute, unless they are changed in form into the neuter gender, as for example ἐσσήν, “the founder”: “Μυρμιδόνων ἐσσῆνα,” Callimachus. καμασήν, the fish; Δαμασήν; ἐρσήν; Αἰζήν, son of Tantalus, from whom in Phrygia there is a city Αἰζανοί. Ἀζήν, a people of Arcadia, also Ἀζάν; ἀζήν, “the beard” among the Phrygians; ἀψήν. Τροιζήν both the founder and the city. For the names of founders are found to be homophonous with cities as well: Καμικός, Κολοφών, Κόρινθος, Κῶς, Σικυών, Κύρνος, Λέσβος; so too Τροιζήν. And it is a city of the Peloponnese; there is also another Τροιζήν in Massalia of Italy, which Charax says is “the Troezenian land.” Words ending in -λην are accented with an acute: βαλλήν, thus “the king”; Τελλήν; Ὠλήν; σωλήν; κωλήν; στελήν. Ἕλλην is noted as being accented with a grave. Simple words ending in -ην that have a doubled consonant are accented with an acute: ἐσσήν, ὀσσήν, Τελλήν, βαλλήν—except Ἕλλην, both the hero and the people. But ἄρρην in Attic has come from ἄρσην. Words ending in -ην with a combination of two consonants are accented with an acute: πυθμήν; Κεβρήν, a river, from which comes the Κεβρηνία region of the Troad. But Didymus says that Κεβρῆνα is the city—except Ἕκτην, which has the penult…