Discussion of accentuation and vowel changes in words ending in -κος, with examples of place-names and ethnics and rules for long vowels and diphthongs.
Τὰ εἰς 'κος' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς μακρᾷ παραλήγοντα σπάνια ὄντα βαρύνεται, Ἄτρηκος πόλις Κρητική, μάληκος ὄνομα· ὀρνέου, μαληκός δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ μαλακός τροπῇ τοῦ 'α' εἰς 'η' ὀξύνεται, πίθηκος. Πήληκος πόλις ἐν Λιβύῃ, Ζάληκος ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Ἀμάληκος, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἀμαληκῖτις ἐκλήθη. Κόθωκος ὄνομα ἥρωος. τὸ δὲ Ἰωλκός πόλις Θεσσαλίας «Βοίβην καὶ Γλαφυρὰς καὶ ἐϋκτιμένην Ἰαωλκόν» (Il. Β 712) ἀπὸ Ἰωλκοῦ τοῦ Ἀμύρου, καὶ Ἀρδησκός ὀξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'κος' παραληγόμενα 'αι' ἢ 'οι' μὴ ἐπιθετικὰ προπαροξύνεται, Πάταικος, Φάλαικος, Μίθαικος, σόλοικος, μόνοικος τὸ κατὰ συναλοιφήν. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Λιγυστική. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. Μοσσύνοικος ἔθνος καλούμενον παρὰ τὰς οἰκήσεις, περὶ οὗ Εὔδοξος ἐν πρώτῳ γῆς περιόδου. τὸ δὲ Εὐβοικός ὀξύνεται ἐπιθετικὸν ὄν. τὸ δὲ ἄγροικος σύνθετον καὶ προπαροξύνεται καὶ προπερισπᾶται. Τὰ εἰς 'κος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα εἰ παραλήγοιτο 'ι' μακρῷ βαρύνεται, Εὔνικος κύριον, Κάϊκος ποταμός, ὅθεν ἄνεμος Καικίας ὡς ἐκεῖθεν πνέων, Γρήνικος ποταμός. Φιλόνικος, Ἑλλάνικος, Ἀριστόνικος. εἰ δὲ τῇ 'ει' διφθόγγῳ, ὀξύνεται, δαρεικός, βοεικός «βοεικὰ ζεύγη» 'ι' ἡ παράδοσις, ἀλλὰ διὰ διφθόγγου δεῖ γράφεσθαι, ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ βοειακός κατὰ συγκοπὴν ὡς καὶ Δεκελεικός ἀπὸ τοῦ Δεκελειακός. Κεραμεικός. σεσημείωται τὸ Καμικός καὶ ὁ κτίστης καὶ ἡ πόλις Σικελίας ὀξύτονον καὶ ἔχον τὸ 'ι' μακρὸν ὡς τὸ Παλικός. εἰσὶ δὲ Παλικοί δαίμονές τινες οὓς Αἰσχύλος ἐν Αἴτναις γενεαλογεῖ Διὸς καὶ Θαλείας τῆς Ἡφαίστου, κληθῆναι δὲ τοὺς Παλικοὺς διὰ τὸ ἀποθανόντας πάλιν εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἱκέσθαι. * Τὰ εἰς 'κος' λήγοντα καθαρὰ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβάς, προσηγορικὰ
Words in -κος, of more than two syllables, with a long penult, being rare, are accented with the grave: Ἄτρηκος, a Cretan city; μάληκος, a name—of ὀρνέον; but μαληκός, from μαλακός by changing α to η, is accented with the acute: πίθηκος. Πήληκος, a city in Libya; Ζάληκος, the name of a river; Ἀμάληκος, from whom Ἀμαληκῖτις was named. Κόθωκος, the name of a hero. But Ἰωλκός, a city of Thessaly—“Βοίβην καὶ Γλαφυρὰς καὶ ἐϋκτιμένην Ἰαωλκόν” (Il. Β 712)—from Ἰωλκός son of Ἄμυρος, and Ἀρδησκός, are accented with the acute. Words in -κος with penult -αι or -οι, if not adjectival, are accented with the proparoxytone: Πάταικος, Φάλαικος, Μίθαικος, σόλοικος, μόνοικος in the form produced by synaloepha. There is also a Ligystic city: Hecataeus in his Europe. Μοσσύνοικος is the name of a people, so called from their dwellings, about whom Eudoxus in the first book of his Circuit of the Earth. But Εὐβοικός is accented with the acute, since it is adjectival. And ἄγροικος, being a compound, is accented with the proparoxytone and also with the properispomenon. Words in -κος of more than two syllables, if their penult is long ι, are accented with the grave: Εὔνικος, a proper name; Κάϊκος, a river, whence the wind Καικίας, as blowing from there; Γρήνικος, a river; Φιλόνικος, Ἑλλάνικος, Ἀριστόνικος. But if with the diphthong ει, it is accented with the acute: δαρεικός, βοεικός—“βοεικὰ ζεύγη”; the tradition has ι, but it must be written with a diphthong, for it is from βοειακός by syncope, just as Δεκελεικός is from Δεκελειακός. Κεραμεικός. Noted is Καμικός—both the founder and the city of Sicily—as oxytone and having long ι, like Παλικός. Now the Παλικοί are certain daimones whom Aeschylus in the Aetnae genealogizes as children of Zeus and Thaleia, the daughter of Hephaestus; and the Παλικοί were said to have been so called because, after dying, they came again into human beings. Words ending in -κος, pure, of more than two syllables, appellatives…