Discussion of Greek nouns ending in -λος (and related forms), place-names (Pylos, Xylos, Soloi), phonological/metrical behavior (lengthening, accent, nominative/ vocative forms), and examples from Homer and other authors.
καὶ ὑπ´ αὐτοῦ κτισθεῖσα. Θέων δέ φησιν ὅτι Ἄλος θεράπαινα ἦν Ἀθάμαντος ἡ μηνύσασα τὴν Ἰνὼ φρύγειν τὰ σπέρματα, ἧς εἰς τιμὴν τὴν πόλιν ὠνόμασεν. δύο δὲ Παρμενίσκος ἱστορεῖ, τὸν μὲν Μαλιακὸν ὑπὸ Ἀχιλλεῖ, τὸν δὲ ὑπὸ Πρωτεσιλάῳ. Ἀπολλόδωρος δὲ ἀρσενικῶς λέγεσθαι τὴν πόλιν φησίν. πάλος, σάλος, λάλος, φάλος, μύλος, τύλος, Πύλος πόλις ἐν Μεσσήνῃ. Ξύλος πόλις Καρίας. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ. φίλος, κτίλος, ὃ κατ´ ἀφαίρεσιν ἐκ τοῦ ἱκτίλος γέγονεν. πόλος, στόλος, ψόλος, ὅλος, Φόλος ὁ Κένταυρος, χόλος, δόλος, κόλος, βόλος, μόλος καὶ Μόλος «Μηριόνη Μόλου υἱέ» (Ν 249) σόλος καὶ Σόλοι Κιλικίας πόλις. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. κέκληται δὲ ἀπὸ Σόλωνος ὡς Εὐφορίων. θόλος. «μεσσηγύς τε θόλου καὶ ἀμύμονος ἕρκεος αὐλῆς» (Od. χ 442). τὸ μέντοι θολός τὸ μέλαν τῆς σηπίας ὀξυνόμενον πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολήν ἐστι. τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ λέγεται ὀλός. καὶ τὸ ὀλός δὲ ὁ ὀλέθριος ὀξύνεται. τὸ γὰρ Ἀλκμανικὸν «ἔχει μ´ ἄχος ὦ ὀλὲ δαῖμον» ἐὰν μὲν ὀλός ἡ εὐθεῖα, οὐκ ἔστι συγκοπή. ἐὰν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ὀλοός ἡ κλητικὴ ὀλοέ, συγκοπή ἐστιν. Τὰ εἰς 'λος' μονογενῆ δισύλλαβα μὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ 'χ' ἀρχόμενα ἔχοντα δίχρονον ἐκτεταμένον, εἰ μή τις εἴη διαστολή, βαρύνεται, Μᾶλος Ἀμφικτύονος υἱὸς ἢ Ἀμύρου τοῦ Βοιωτοῦ, κᾶλος «ἐν δ´ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε» (Od. ε 260). Ἶλος τὸ κύριον, ἰλός δὲ ὁ διεστραμμένος, πῖλος, μῖλος, σπῖλος, Βρῖλος ὄνομα κύριον, τῖλος τὸ φορτικόν, στῦλος, γρῦλος, θρῦλος. τὸ δὲ χυλός καὶ χιλός ἡ τροφὴ ὀξύνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ 'χ' ἀρχόμενα. τὸ δὲ ψιλός τριγενὲς ὡς καὶ τὸ καλός παρὰ τῷ ποιητῇ ὑγιῶς ἐκτεταμένον. τὸ δὲ βαλός, οὕτως ὁ βαθμός καὶ ἐν τῇ τραγῳδίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ κωμῳδίᾳ, Δωρικῶς τέτραπται. καὶ τὸ δαλός
and built by him. But Theon says that Alos was a handmaid of Athamas, the one who informed Ino to parch the seeds, and in her honor he gave the city its name. But Parmeniscus relates that there were two: the Malian one founded by Achilles, and the other by Protesilaus. But Apollodorus says that the city is spoken of in the masculine. πάλος, σάλος, λάλος, φάλος, μύλος, τύλος, Πύλος, a city in Messenia. Ξύλος, a city of Caria. Hecataeus, in Asia. φίλος, κτίλος, which by aphairesis has come from ἱκτίλος. πόλος, στόλος, ψόλος, ὅλος, Φόλος the Centaur, χόλος, δόλος, κόλος, βόλος, μόλος and Μόλος: “Μηριόνη Μόλου υἱέ” (Ν 249); σόλος and Σόλοι, a city of Cilicia. Hecataeus, in Europe. And it is called from Solon, as Euphorion says. θόλος. “μεσσηγύς τε θόλου καὶ ἀμύμονος ἕρκεος αὐλῆς” (Od. χ 442). But θολός, ‘the black (ink) of the cuttlefish,’ being accented on the acute, is for the sake of distinction. And the same is said of ὀλός. And ὀλός too, meaning ‘destructive,’ is accented on the acute. For the Alcmanic “ἔχει μ᾽ ἄχος ὦ ὀλὲ δαῖμον”: if ὀλός is the direct form, there is no syncope; but if the vocative ὀλοέ is from ὀλοός, there is syncope. Monogender disyllables in -λος not beginning with χ, having a long bivalent vowel, unless there is some distinction, are accented with the grave: Μᾶλος, son of Amphictyon, or of Amyrus the Boeotian; κᾶλος: “ἐν δ᾽ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε” (Od. ε 260). Ἶλος, the proper name; but ἰλός, ‘the twisted’; πῖλος, μῖλος, σπῖλος, Βρῖλος, a proper name; τῖλος, ‘the burdensome’; στῦλος, γρῦλος, θρῦλος. But χυλός and χιλός, ‘food,’ are accented on the acute, since they begin with χ. But ψιλός is of three genders, like καλός in the poet, with the long vowel correctly extended. But βαλός—thus too βαθμός both in tragedy and in comedy—has been turned to the Doric. And δαλός too.