Discussion of accentuation and morphological behavior of words ending in -ην, especially place-names and ethnics (e.g. Ἔγκτην, Κεφαλλήν, Ἕλλην), with Homeric citations and examples.
καὶ διὰ τριῶν συμφώνων Ἔγκτην. Ἔγκτηνες δὲ ἐλέγοντο οἱ μετὰ τοὺς Ὕαντας τὴν Βοιωτίαν οἰκήσαντες. Τὰ εἰς 'ην' ἔχοντά τι τῶν μέσων πρὸ τοῦ 'η' ὀξύνεται, ὁπότε διχρόνῳ παραλήγοιτο ἢ φύσει μακρᾷ οἷον Ὠγήν, ἁδήν, ταγήν ὁ ἀτταγήν, τριβήν ὁ τρίπους. Τὰ εἰς 'ην' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς χαίρουσι τῇ ὀξείᾳ οἷον ἀτταγήν, κορδυλήν, μαριθήν, δοθιήν, ἠλακατήν ὄνομα ἰχθύος κητώδους καὶ κύριον. Ἀραδήν πόλις Κρήτης, Ἀραφήν εἷς τῶν ἑκατὸν ἡρώων καὶ δῆμος Αἰγηΐδος φυλῆς, Κεφαλλήν ἔθνος ἀπὸ Κεφάλου τοῦ Δηϊονέως κληθέν, κεῖται δὲ παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν τῷ «ὦ ξεῖνε Κεφαλλήν». γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ Κέφαλος Κεφαλήν ὡς παρὰ τὸ κῶλος κωλήν, μέγιστος μεγιστήν καὶ μεγιστάν. ἡ δὲ παλαιὰ χρῆσις ἅπασα ἔχει τοὺς Κεφαλλῆνας καὶ τὴν Κεφαλληνίαν ἐν δυσὶ 'λλ'—πλὴν τοῦ περπέρην. Τὰ εἰς 'ην' ἀπὸ ῥητῶν ἤτοι διαλεγομένων τῶν εἰς 'ην' βαρύνεται οἷον Ἕλλην φιλέλλην, Πανέλληνες ὡς Παναχαιοί ἀπὸ μέρους τὸ πᾶν ὡς παρὰ τῷ ποιητῇ «Λέλεγας καὶ Τρῶας ἀναίρειν» (Il. 20, 96). Ἕλληνες γὰρ παρ´ αὐτῷ οἱ τὴν Φθιῶτιν Ἑλλάδα κατοικοῦντες «Μυρμιδόνες δὲ καλεῦνται καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί» (Il. 2, 684), εἴρην μελλείρην, ποιμήν ἀρχιποίμην, αὐχήν ἐριαύχην, ῥήν πολύρρην παρὰ τῷ τὰ Ναυπακτικὰ ποιήσαντι·
And also Ἔγκτην with three consonants. Ἔγκτηνες, moreover, were called those who, after the Ὕαντες, settled Boeotia. Words ending in -ην that have one of the middle consonants before the η are accented with an acute, whenever the penult is with a dichronous vowel or is long by nature, for example Ὠγήν, ἁδήν, ταγήν, ὁ ἀτταγήν, τριβήν, ὁ τρίπους. Words ending in -ην with more than two syllables favor the acute, for example ἀτταγήν, κορδυλήν, μαριθήν, δοθιήν, ἠλακατήν, the name of a cetaceous fish and a proper name. Ἀραδήν, a city of Crete; Ἀραφήν, one of the hundred heroes and a deme of the Aigeis tribe; Κεφαλλήν, a people named from Cephalus son of Deïoneus; and it occurs in Sophocles in the line “ὦ ξεῖνε Κεφαλλήν”. It is formed from Κέφαλος as Κεφαλήν, just as from κῶλος comes κωλήν, and from μέγιστος come μεγιστήν and μεγιστάν. But all the older usage has Κεφαλλῆνες and Κεφαλληνία with double λλ—except for περπέρην. Words ending in -ην derived from verbs, or from those that are spoken of as ending in -ην, are accented with a grave, for example Ἕλλην, φιλέλλην, Πανέλληνες, as Παναχαιοί: from a part the whole, as in the poet, “Λέλεγας καὶ Τρῶας ἀναίρειν” (Il. 20, 96). For with him Ἕλληνες are those who inhabit Hellas in Phthiotis: “Μυρμιδόνες δὲ καλεῦνται καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί” (Il. 2, 684); εἴρην, μελλείρην; ποιμήν, ἀρχιποίμην; αὐχήν, ἐριαύχην; ῥήν, πολύρρην, in the poet of the Naupactica.