Discussion of Greek accent rules for nouns and names ending in -υλος and -ωλος, prosodic patterns (paroxytone vs proparoxytone) with examples and exceptions, and some place-names.
«γογγύλος ἐστὶ λίθος» Καλλίμαχος, ἀγκύλος, καμπύλος. τὸ δὲ αἴσυλος προπαροξύνεται ὡς σύνθετον ἀπὸ τοῦ 'α' καὶ τοῦ συλῶ ὁ πολλὰ συλῶν «ὅδ´ οὐκ ὄθετ´ αἴσυλα ῥέζων» (Ε 403). Τὰ εἰς 'υλος' τρισύλλαβα κύρια ὄντα ἔχοντα τὴν πρώτην συλλαβὴν μηκυνομένην παροξύνεται, προσηγορικὰ δὲ ὄντα προπαροξύνεται. παροξύνεται δὲ Δερκύλος, Βακχύλος, Χαρμύλος. προπαροξύνεται δὲ κόνδυλος, σφόνδυλος, δάκτυλος, γόγγυλος. τὸ δὲ Ἄξυλος καὶ Ὄξυλος κύρια ὄντα τοῖς προσηγορικοῖς κατὰ τὸν τόνον ἠκολούθησαν. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'υλος' τριβράχεα, εἰ ἔχοι ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ συλλαβῇ 'ι', προπαροξύνεται, τὰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως ἔχοντα παροξύνεται, εἰ μὴ εἴη παρώνυμον ἐν ἰσοσυλλάβοις, Τίτυλος, Ἴτυλος τὸ κύριον. Σίπυλος πόλις Φρυγίας· Ἑλλάνικος ἐν Ἱερειῶν πρώτῳ. τὸ μέντοι Χρεμύλος καὶ Κρατύλος παροξύνονται οὐκ ἔχοντα 'ι' ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ. τὸ δὲ σταφυλός παρώνυμόν ἐστι παρὰ τὸ σταφυλή. τὸ δὲ Ἄγυλος κύριον προπαροξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'υλος' ὑπερτρισύλλαβα παροξύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἔχοι ἔννοιαν συνθέσεως οἷον ἐρωτύλος, ἰαμβύλος, Ὀνησύλος, Νικασύλος. τὸ μέντοι εὐρύπυλος σύνθετον ὡς καὶ Ἑκατόμπυλος πόλις Παρθίας. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ωλος' μονογενῆ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς προπαροξύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἔχοι πρὸ τοῦ 'ω' δύο σύμφωνα κατ´ ἐπιπλοκήν, ὧν τὸ δεύτερόν ἐστι 'τ' οἷον Κίμωλος ἥρως καὶ νῆσος, Ἐρίγμωλος, φάσκωλος ὁ θύλακος, Μαύσωλος ὁ Κάρ ἀπὸ Μαυσώλου. Δημοσθένης δεκάτῳ Βιθυνιακῶν «Δαίδαλα Μαυσώλων», Ἄνωλος πόλις Λυδίας ἀπὸ Ἀνώλου τοῦ Ἀσίου παιδὸς καὶ ὁ πολίτης ὁμωνύμως, Ἴωλος ἔθνος Περραιβίας.
“γογγύλος is a stone,” Callimachus; ἀγκύλος, καμπύλος. But αἴσυλος is accented on the antepenult, as a compound from α- and συλῶ, ‘one who plunders much’: “this man did not set about doing lawless deeds” (Ε 403). Trisyllables in -υλος, when they are proper names and have the first syllable long, are accented on the penult; but when they are appellatives, they are accented on the antepenult. Thus Δερκύλος, Βακχύλος, Χαρμύλος are accented on the penult; but κόνδυλος, σφόνδυλος, δάκτυλος, γόγγυλος on the antepenult. But Ἄξυλος and Ὄξυλος, though proper names, have followed the appellatives in accent. Tribranchs in -υλος, if they have ι in the third syllable, are accented on the antepenult; those that do not have it so are accented on the penult, unless there is a paronym in isosyllables, as Τίτυλος, Ἴτυλος the proper name. Σίπυλος, a city of Phrygia: Hellanicus in the first book of Ἱερειῶν. Yet Χρεμύλος and Κρατύλος are accented on the penult, though they do not have ι in the first syllable. And σταφυλός is paronymous from σταφυλή. But Ἄγυλος, a proper name, is accented on the antepenult. Words in -υλος of more than three syllables are accented on the penult, unless they have the notion of composition, as ἐρωτύλος, ἰαμβύλος, Ὀνησύλος, Νικασύλος. Yet εὐρύπυλος is a compound, as also Ἑκατόμπυλος, a city of Parthia. Monogenic words in -ωλος of more than two syllables are accented on the antepenult, unless they have before ω two consonants in combination, of which the second is τ, as Κίμωλος, hero and island; Ἐρίγμωλος; φάσκωλος, ‘the pouch’; Μαύσωλος the Carian, from Mausolus. Demosthenes in the tenth book of the Bithyniaca: “the Daedala of the Mausoli.” Ἄνωλος, a city of Lydia, from Ἄνωλος, son of Ἄσιος, and the citizen likewise homonymous; Ἴωλος, a people of Perrhaebia.