Discussion of Homeric variant readings and numerous place-names and ethnics (Magdolos, Kastolos, Spartolos, Aitolos, etc.), with phonological observations on consonant clusters and detailed accentuation patterns of adjectives and names ending in -ωλος and -λος, plus citations (Homer B749, Hecataeus, Thucydides, Artemidorus).
Ὅμηρος «τῷ δ´ Ἐνιῆνες ἕποντο μενεπτόλεμοί τε Περαιβοί» (Β 749), ταῦτά τινες μετέγραψαν «τῷ δ´ ἄρ´ Ἴωλοι ἕποντο μενεπτόλεμοί τε Περαιβοί», Μάγδωλος πόλις Αἰγύπτου. Ἑκαταῖος περιηγήσει. Τύμωλος ὁ Τμῶλος κατὰ ποιητικὸν μετασχηματισμόν. Ἐτέωλος ὄνομα λιμένος. Ἄρρωλος ὄνομα πόλεως. Καστωλὸς δὲ—ἦν δὲ πόλις ἐν Λυδίᾳ—ἐκλήθη δὲ ὅτι Καστωλοὺς τοὺς Δωριεῖς οἱ Λυδοί φασιν—ὀξύνεται ἔχον δύο σύμφωνα, ὧν τὸ ἓν 'τ' ἐστίν, ὡς καὶ τὸ Πακτωλός. τὸ μέντοι Σπάρτωλος βαρύνεται. ἔστι δὲ πόλις Μακεδονίας, ὡς Θουκυδίδης ἐν δευτέρᾳ (c. 79). τὰ γὰρ δύο σύμφωνα οὐκ εἰσὶν ἐν συλλήψει, ἀλλ´ ἐν διαστάσει. τὸ δὲ Αἰτωλός τριγενές. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ωλος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα ἁπλᾶ ῥηματικὰ ἔχοντα τὴν τρίτην μακρὰν ὀξύνεται, φειδωλός, αἰτωλός τὸ ἐπίθετον παρὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ αἰτεῖν, ἁμαρτωλός. τὸ μέντοι ἕωλος ὁ χθεσινός προπαροξύνεται ὡς παρώνυμον καὶ τὴν τρίτην βραχεῖαν ἔχει. * καὶ ἄλλως· Τὰ εἰς 'ωλος' ἀρσενικὰ πρὸ τοῦ 'ω' τὸ 'τ' ἔχοντα ὀξύνεται, Καστωλός, Πακτωλός, ἁμαρτωλός, Αἰτωλός ὁ Ἐνδυμίωνος, ὃς ἐκπεσὼν ἀπὸ Πίσης ὑπὸ Σαλμωνέως συνῴκισε τὴν ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ κληθεῖσαν Αἰτωλίαν, καὶ τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμοφώνως. τὸ Σπάρτωλος θηλυκόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ Μαύσωλος οὐκ ἔχει τὸ 'τ'. Τὰ εἰς 'λος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῇ διὰ τοῦ 'υ' διφθόγγῳ προπαροξύνεται. δίαυλος, θύραυλος, ἴουλος, Κάμουλος, ὕπουλος, Γαίτουλος ἔθνος Λιβύης, ὃ Ἀρτεμίδωρος Γαιτουλίους φησί. Τούρδουλος ἔθνος τῆς Ἰβηρίας, οἳ καὶ Τουρδητανοί. Ἀρτεμίδωρος δὲ Τούρτους αὐτοὺς καλεῖ καὶ Τουρτυτανούς.
Homer: “and with him the Ἐνιῆνες followed, and the battle-stout Περαιβοί” (Β 749); some have altered this to “and with him then the Ἴωλοι followed, and the battle-stout Περαιβοί,” since Μάγδωλος is a city of Egypt—Hecataeus in his Periegesis. Τύμωλος is Τμῶλος by a poetic transformation. Ἐτέωλος is the name of a harbor. Ἄρρωλος is the name of a city. Καστωλός—there was also a city in Lydia—was so called because the Lydians say that the Dorians are called Καστωλοί; it is accented with an acute, since it has two consonants, one of which is ‘τ’, as also Πακτωλός. Σπάρτωλος, however, is accented with a grave. It is a city of Macedonia, as Thucydides in the second book (c. 79). For the two consonants are not in a cluster, but separated. Αἰτωλός, moreover, is of three genders.
The simple verbal words in -ωλος of more than two syllables, having the third syllable long, are accented with an acute: φειδωλός, αἰτωλός (the adjective) from the verb αἰτεῖν, ἁμαρτωλός. ἕωλος, however, meaning “yesterday’s,” is accented with a proparoxytone, as a derivative, and has the third syllable short.
And otherwise: the masculine words in -ωλος that have ‘τ’ before the ‘ω’ are accented with an acute: Καστωλός, Πακτωλός, ἁμαρτωλός, Αἰτωλός the son of Endymion, who, having been driven out of Pisa by Salmoneus, settled the land called after him Αἰτωλία, and the ethnic name likewise with the same sound. Σπάρτωλος is feminine, and Μαύσωλος does not have ‘τ’.
The words in -λος of more than two syllables, with the penult containing the diphthong with ‘υ’, are accented with a proparoxytone: δίαυλος, θύραυλος, ἴουλος, Κάμουλος, ὕπουλος, Γαίτουλος, a people of Libya, whom Artemidorus says are called Γαιτουλίοι. Τούρδουλος, a people of Iberia, who are also Τουρδητανοί. Artemidorus, however, calls them Τούρτοι and Τουρτυτανοί.