phonology and accentuation of -νος and -μνος endings; examples of place-names (Sifnos, Kythnos, Lemnos, Tymnos, Epidamnos) and rules for oxytone vs. barytone depending on syllable structure and vowel length; notes on double consonants and dialectal variations
τῶν Κυκλάδων, Πέφνος πόλις Λακωνική. Ἀπολλόδωρος δὲ νῆσον αὐτήν φησι· λέγεται δὲ καὶ θηλυκῶς καὶ οὐδετέρως. ὕπνος. Σίφνος περὶ τὴν Κρήτην νῆσος ἀπὸ Σίφνου τοῦ Σουνίου, ὡς Νικόλαος πέμπτῳ. Ἴπνος, ἣν Ἰπνέαν τινές, Λοκρῶν τῶν Ὀζολῶν. τὸ δὲ προσηγορικὸν ἰπνός ὀξύνεται. Θῶκνος ἥρως. τὸ δὲ καπνός ὀξύνεται ὡς ἔχον τὸ 'α'. * Τὰ εἰς 'νος' λήγοντα μετ´ ἐπιπλοκῆς συμφώνου δισύλλαβα μονογενῆ ἔχοντα ἐν τῇ πρὸ τέλους συλλαβῇ τὸ 'υ' βαρύνεσθαι θέλει, ὕμνος, κύκνος, λύχνος, Κύθνος, Βύσνος βασιλεὺς Βεβρύκων· οὕτως καὶ σκύμνος. τὸ δὲ ἀνδρωνυμικὸν ὀξύνεσθαι ἀξιοῖ ὁ Ἀσκαλωνίτης. ὁ μέντοι λόγος συναγωνίζεται τῇ βαρείᾳ τάσει. Τὰ εἰς 'μνος' δισύλλαβα, εἰ παραλήγοι 'α' μετὰ συμφώνου, βαρύνεται, θάμνος, ῥάμνος. τὸ δὲ ἀμνός ὀξύνεται. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ 'α' καὶ ἐπιθετικώτερον· ἄμενος γὰρ παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν μένος. Τὰ εἰς 'μνος' δισύλλαβα ἔχοντα τὴν πρὸ τέλους μὴ φύσει μακράν, μονογενῆ μὲν ὄντα, βαρύνεται, ὕμνος, σκύμνος, Τύμνος πόλις Καρίας. τριγενῆ δὲ ὀξύνεται, γυμνός, σεμνός, στυμνός ὁ σκληρός, πρυμνός. * Τὰ εἰς 'μνος' δισύλλαβα ἔχοντα τὴν πρὸ τέλους φύσει μακρὰν βαρύνεται, Κρῶμνος ὁ Λυκάονος καὶ πόλις Πελοποννήσου, Λῆμνος νῆσος πρὸς τῇ Θρᾴκῃ, Τῆμνος πόλις τῆς Αἰολίδος. Τὰ εἰς 'μνος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα κύρια ἢ προσηγορικὰ μὴ ἔχοντα ἴδια θηλυκὰ προπαροξύνεται, Ἄμυμνος ἔθνος Ἠπειρωτικόν, Λύκαμνος, Ἐπίδαμνος πόλις Ἰλλυρίας ἀπὸ Ἐπιδάμνου, Αἴσυμνος. Ἴαμνος, Λεπέτυμνος, τὸ μέντοι ἐρεμνός ἔχει θηλυκὸν τὸ ἐρεμνή, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ ἐρυμνός ὁ κεκαλυμμένος. Τὰ εἰς δύο 'νν' βαρύνεται ἀπαρασχημάτιστα ὄντα θηλυκῷ γένει, βλέννος, θύννος, Κύννος ὁ ἀδελφὸς Κοίου, Σάννος ἔθνος. Βοῦννος πόλις Ἰλλυρίας. Γόννοι πόλις Περραιβίας ἀπὸ Γουνέως κληθεῖσα τοῦ ἀπογόνου Κύφου. οὕτως φησὶν Ὅμηρος (Β 748). Αἰολεῖς ὄντες οἱ Περραιβοὶ τὰ σύμφωνα ἐδίπλουν καὶ Περραιβοὺς ἑαυτοὺς καλοῦντες
Of the Cyclades: Pephnos, a Laconian city. Apollodorus, however, says that it is an island; and it is spoken of both in the feminine and in the neuter. ὕπνος. Siphnos, an island near Crete, from Siphnos of Sounion, as Nicolaus says in the fifth book. Ipnos, which some call Ἰπνέα, of the Ozolian Locrians. But the appellative ἰπνός is accented on the acute. Thoknos, a hero. But καπνός is accented on the acute, as having the ‘α’. * Disyllables ending in -νος with a consonant cluster, of one gender, having in the penult the ‘υ’, tend to be accented with the grave: ὕμνος, κύκνος, λύχνος, Κύθνος, Bysnos, king of the Bebryces; so too σκύμνος. But the patronymic, the Ascalonite says, ought to be accented on the acute; yet the rule contends in favor of the grave accent. Disyllables in -μνος, if the penult has ‘α’ with a consonant, are accented with the grave: θάμνος, ῥάμνος. But ἀμνός is accented on the acute; for it is from ‘α’ and more adjectival: for ἄμενος is from not having μένος. Disyllables in -μνος having the penult not long by nature, being of one gender, are accented with the grave: ὕμνος, σκύμνος, Tymnos, a city of Caria. But those of three genders are accented on the acute: γυμνός, σεμνός, στυμνός ‘the hard’, πρυμνός. * Disyllables in -μνος having the penult long by nature are accented with the grave: Krōmnos, son of Lycaon, and a city of the Peloponnese; Lēmnos, an island by Thrace; Tēmnos, a city of Aeolis. Polysyllabic proper names or appellatives in -μνος, not having a corresponding feminine of their own, are accented with the proparoxytone: Ἄμυμνος, an Epirote people; Lykamnos; Ἐπίδαμνος, a city of Illyria, from Ἐπίδαμνος; Αἴσυμνος. Ἴαμνος, Lepetymnos; but ἐρεμνός has a feminine ἐρεμνή, just as ἐρυμνός ‘the covered’. Words ending in double νν, being uninflected and of feminine gender, are accented with the grave: βλέννος, θύννος, Kynnos, the brother of Coeus; Sannos, a people. Bounnos, a city of Illyria. Gonnoi, a city of Perrhaebia, so called from Guneus, descendant of Kyphus. Thus Homer speaks (Β 748). Since the Perrhaebians are Aeolians, they doubled the consonants, and calling themselves Perrhaebians…