Passage lists ancient place-names (Ainos and others) and ethnonyms, cites Homer and Strabo/Hecataeus/Pausanias references; discusses morphological/phonological accentation and heaviness (βαρύνεται/ὀξύνεται) of words ending in -ος, -ωνος, -αινος, with examples and proper names.
ὡς Φίλων καὶ Παυσανίας. Ἑκαταῖος δὲ πόλιν αὐτήν φησιν. Ὅμηρος «οἳ Κῦνόν τ´ ἐνέμοντ´ Ὀπόεντά τε Καλλίαρόν τε» (Β 531). Γρῦνοι πολίχνιον Μυριναίων. Ἑκαταῖος δὲ τὴν πόλιν Γρύνειαν καλεῖ. Θῦνος ἐθνικὸν ὁμοφώνως τῷ οἰκιστῇ ὡς Θετταλός Ἰταλός. Φρῦνος ἔθνος Σκυθικόν. * Τὰ εἰς 'ονος' δισύλλαβα μονογενῆ ἀπαρασχημάτιστα βαρύνεται, χρόνος, Κρόνος, δόνος, φθόνος, κλόνος, πόνος, Πρόνος υἱὸς Κεφάλου. τὸ ὄνος ἔχον θηλυκὸν συνέπεσε τοῖς εἰρημένοις ὡς ἀπαρασχημάτιστον. τὸ γόνος, ὅπερ σημαίνει τὸ γεγενημένον, βαρύνεται, ὁ δὲ γεννητικὸς γονός ὀξύνεται, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'υ' γουνός ὁ γεννητικὸς τόπος, ὁ γόνιμος καὶ κάρπιμος. Τὰ εἰς 'ωνος' βαρύνεται, Πρῶνος πόλις Κρητική, κῶνος, ὦνος ἡ τιμή, στῶνος(?), χῶνος ἡ χώνη, φῶνος ὁ μεγαλόφωνος. Τὰ εἰς 'αινος' καὶ 'οινος' μονογενῆ βαρύνεται, αἶνος· ἔστι δὲ καὶ Αἶνος πόλις Θρᾴκης. Στράβων ζʹ «ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐκβολῇ τοῦ Ἕβρου διστόμου ὄντος πόλις Αἶνος, κτίσμα Μιτυληναίων καὶ Κυμαίων». βʹ ἔστι καὶ πόλις Θεσσαλίας, κληθῆναι δὲ αὐτὴν ὅτι πλησίον τῆς Ὄσσης ἦν Αἴνιος ποταμὸς καὶ κώμη ἐπώνυμος. οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Αἴνου τοῦ Γουνέως ἀδελφοῦ. γʹ ἔστι καὶ Λοκρῶν τῶν Ὀζολῶν. δʹ κατὰ Θάψακον καὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην. εʹ ἔστι καὶ νῆσος παρακειμένη τῇ εὐδαίμονι Ἀραβίᾳ. ἔστι καὶ τόπος Αἶνος ἐν τῇ καταντικρὺ Ῥοδίων ἠπείρῳ. Αὔαινος, Κόλαινος ὄνομα κύριον, ἀφ´ οὗ καὶ Κολαινία Ἄρτεμις, Κρύσταινος, Λέαινος ὄνομα κύριον. Μύραινος, Τάλαινος ἀπὸ τοῦ τάλας. Μακαρίαινος, Περίτταινος, Ἀρίσταινος. Μάζαινος. Δρύαινος, Μελάγχλαινος ἔθνος Σκυθικόν. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. κέκληνται ἀφ´ ὧν φοροῦσιν ὡς Ἱππημολγοὶ παρὰ τὸ τοὺς ἵππους ἀμέλγειν καὶ Μοσσύνοικοι παρὰ τὰς οἰκήσεις. οἶνος, σχοῖνος. τὸ
As Philo and Pausanias [say]. Hecataeus, however, says that it is a city. Homer: «οἳ Κῦνόν τ´ ἐνέμοντ´ Ὀπόεντά τε Καλλίαρόν τε» (Β 531). Grynoi, a small town of the Myrinaeans. Hecataeus, however, calls the city Gryneia. Thynos: an ethnic name, with the same sound as that of the founder, as Thessalos, Italos. Phrynos: a Scythian tribe.
The disyllabic, single-gender, uninflected words ending in -ονος are barytone: χρόνος, Κρόνος, δόνος, φθόνος, κλόνος, πόνος, Pronos son of Cephalus. ὄνος, which has a feminine, has fallen together with the aforesaid as being uninflected. γόνος, which means “that which has come to be,” is barytone; but the generative γονός is oxytone; with addition of υ, γουνός is “the generative place,” i.e. the fertile and fruitful.
The words ending in -ωνος are barytone: Πρῶνος, a Cretan city; κῶνος; ὦνος, “price”; στῶνος(?); χῶνος, “the funnel”; φῶνος, “the loud-voiced man.”
The single-gender words ending in -αινος and -οινος are barytone: αἶνος; and there is also Ainos, a city of Thrace. Strabo, book 7: «ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐκβολῇ τοῦ Ἕβρου διστόμου ὄντος πόλις Αἶνος, κτίσμα Μιτυληναίων καὶ Κυμαίων». (2) There is also a city of Thessaly; and it was so called because near Ossa there was the river Ainios and a village of the same name; but others [derive it] from Ainos, the brother of Guneus. (3) There is also [an Ainos] of the Locrians called Ozolae. (4) [There is also one] by Thapsacus and the Euphrates. (5) There is also an island lying off prosperous Arabia. There is also a place Ainos on the mainland opposite the Rhodians.
Auainos; Kolainos, a proper name, from which also Kolainia Artemis; Krystainos; Leainos, a proper name. Myrainos; Talainos from τάλας. Makariainos; Perittainos; Aristainos. Mazainos. Dryainos; Melangchlainos, a Scythian tribe. Hecataeus, in Europe. They are named from what they wear, as the Hippemolgoi from milking horses, and the Mossynoikoi from their dwellings. οἶνος, σχοῖνος. the