Discusses river names (Apidanos, Rhodanus, Eridanus, Eddanos, Dardanus, Iardanus/Jordanus, Oceanus), myth of Dardanus and origins, phonological/etymological rules (r before d, e before a, u before a), and formation of place and ethnic adjectives with the suffix -anos (lists of examples).
σφεδανός, Ἀπιδανός ποταμὸς τῆς Τρωάδος «ἐκβάλλων εἰς τὴν ἑσπέριον θάλασσαν» ὡς Δημήτριός φησι κατὰ Τιμοσθένην, Ῥοδανός ποταμός, Ἠριδανός ποταμός, Ἐδδανός, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἔδδανα πόλις πρὸς τῷ Εὐφράτῃ. ἐφυλάξατο δὲ ὁ κανὼν «τὸ 'ρ' πρὸ τοῦ 'δ' ὑπάρχον» διὰ τὸ Δάρδανος πόλις Τρωάδος. Μνασέας «Δάρδανος ἐξιὼν ἐκ τοῦ νεὼ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ παλλάδιον ἀράμενος ἀφίκετο εἰς Σαμοθρᾴκην μετὰ Ἁρμονίας καὶ Ἰασίωνος ἑνὸς τῶν ἀδελφῶν, κἀκεῖ διάγοντα Κάδμος ὁ Ἀγήνορος ἐφιλοποιήσατο, καὶ ἀποθανούσης Τηλεφάης γαμεῖ τὴν Ἁρμονίαν ὁ Κάδμος καὶ ἀποστέλλει τὸν Δάρδανον εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν μετὰ τῶν ἑταίρων πρὸς Τεῦκρον τὸν Τρῶα· ὁ δὲ Τεῦκρος ἀναγνωρίσας τὸν Δάρδανον δίδωσιν αὐτῷ τὴν θυγατέρα Βάτειαν καὶ ἀποθνήσκων τὴν βασιλείαν. καὶ πόλιν ᾤκισε Δάρδανον καὶ Δαρδανίαν τὴν χώραν ὠνόμασεν, ἣ Τευκρὶς πρότερον ἐκαλεῖτο». Ἰάρδανος ποταμὸς Λυδίας. Ὅμηρος «Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα» (Il. Η 135), ἃ προπαροξύνονται. «τὸ δὲ 'ε' πρὸ τοῦ 'α'» διὰ τὸ ὠκεανός ὁ ποταμὸς ὁ περιέχων τὴν γῆν. Φαβωρῖνος ἐν ταῖς παντοδαπαῖς ἱστορίαις «προσαγορεύουσι δὲ τὴν ἔξω θάλατταν ἐκεῖ μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν βαρβάρων Ὠκεανόν, οἱ δὲ τὴν Ἀσίαν οἰκοῦντες μεγάλην θάλασσαν, οἱ δὲ Ἕλληνες Ἀτλαντικὸν πέλαγος». ἐκλήθη δὲ οὕτως παρὰ τὸ ὠκέως νάειν, ὅ ἐστι ῥεῖν. καὶ «τὸ 'υ' πρὸ τοῦ 'α'» διὰ τὸ πυανός καὶ κυανός. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ανος' τριγενῆ ὀξύνεται, στεγανός ὁ πυκνός, πιθανός ὁ πρᾷος, ἱκανός, ὀρφανός, ἀγανός, τραγανός, ἰδανός «σὰς ἰδανὰς χάριτας» ὁ Καλλίμαχος, ἑδανός, πεδανός, ῥοδανός. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ανος' τοῦ 'α' ἐκτεταμένου ὀξύνεται, Ἀγκυρανός, Ἀσιανός, Καρδιανός, Ὀλβιανός, Φασιανός, Τραλλιανός, Σαρδιανός, Παριανός, Βοσποριανός, Κιανός, Τιανός, Ζυγιανός, Ταυριανός, Σκορπιανός. Τοξιανός ἔθνος Ταυρικὸν τὸ καὶ Τόξιοι. Ἱσπανός, Καρμανός, Καμπανός, Γερμανός, Βρεττανός, Ὠρετανός, Ἀφρικανός, Ἀλβανός, Ὑρκανός. Ἀλαμανός ἔθνος Γερμανοῖς πρόσχωρον. Ἀλανός ὄρος Σαρματίας. Ἀμενανός ποταμὸς Σικελίας. Ἀρβαξανός ἔθνος Λιγυστικόν «παρέπλεον δὲ τὴν χώραν τὴν μὲν πρώτην ἔρημον, ἣν ἐνέμοντο πρότερον Ἰψίκουροι
σφεδανός; Ἀπιδανός, a river of the Troad, “flowing out into the western sea,” as Demetrius says following Timosthenes; Ῥοδανός, a river; Ἠριδανός, a river; Ἐδδανός, from which Ἔδδανα, a city by the Euphrates. The rule, however, made an exception for “ρ occurring before δ” because of Δάρδανος, a city of the Troad. Mnaseas: “Δάρδανος, going out from the temple of Athena and taking up the Palladium, came to Samothrace with Harmonia and Iasion, one of the brothers; and there, while he was living, Cadmus son of Agenor adopted him; and when Telephae died, Cadmus married Harmonia and sent Δάρδανος to Asia with his companions to Teucer the Trojan. And Teucer, recognizing Δάρδανος, gives him his daughter Bateia and, as he dies, the kingship. And he founded a city, Δάρδανος, and named the country Dardania, which previously was called Teucris.” Ἰάρδανος, a river of Lydia. Homer: “about the streams of Ἰαρδανός” (Il. Η 135), which are accented with the antepenult. “And ε before α” because of ὠκεανός, the river that encircles the earth. Favorinus in the Miscellaneous Histories: “They call the outer sea there—most of the barbarians—Ὠκεανός; those who inhabit Asia, ‘the great sea’; and the Greeks, ‘the Atlantic sea.’” And it was so called from ὠκέως νάειν, that is, ‘to flow.’ And “υ before α” because of πυανός and κυανός. The trisyllables in -ανος are accented with an acute: στεγανός ‘dense,’ πιθανός ‘gentle,’ ἱκανός, ὀρφανός, ἀγανός, τραγανός, ἰδανός—Callimachus: “your ἰδανὰς graces”—ἑδανός, πεδανός, ῥοδανός. * The words in -ανος with lengthened α are accented with an acute: Ἀγκυρανός, Ἀσιανός, Καρδιανός, Ὀλβιανός, Φασιανός, Τραλλιανός, Σαρδιανός, Παριανός, Βοσποριανός, Κιανός, Τιανός, Ζυγιανός, Ταυριανός, Σκορπιανός. Τοξιανός, a Tauric people also called Τόξιοι. Ἱσπανός, Καρμανός, Καμπανός, Γερμανός, Βρεττανός, Ὠρετανός, Ἀφρικανός, Ἀλβανός, Ὑρκανός. Ἀλαμανός, a people bordering on the Germans. Ἀλανός, a mountain of Sarmatia. Ἀμενανός, a river of Sicily. Ἀρβαξανός, a Ligystic people: “And they sailed along the land, the first part desert, which the Ἰψίκουροι formerly inhabited…”