List of place-names and ethnics (cities, rivers, promontories) with the suffix -ξος; phonological/accentual observations on -ξος and related forms; citations of Hecataeus, Herodotus, Xenion.
προσεχὴς τῇ Παλλήνῃ, Ἴτωνος ἥρως καὶ πόλις Θεσσαλίας ἣ καὶ Ἴτων, Ἄλπωνος πόλις καὶ ὄρος ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ, ὡς Εὐφορίων, τινὲς δὲ Θετταλίας αὐτήν φασιν. ἔστι καὶ ἄλλη Λοκρῶν Ἐπιζεφυρίων ὡς Ἑλλάνικος ἐν πρώτῃ Δευκαλιωνείας. Τρίτωνος πολίχνιον Μακεδονίας, Τρικόλωνος παῖς Λυκάονος καὶ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ πόλις Ἀρκαδίας. Τὰ εἰς 'ξος' εἴτε δισύλλαβα εἴτε ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς βαρύνονται, Λίπαξος πόλις Θρᾴκης. Ἑκαταῖος. Ἄραξος ἀκρωτήριον. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἔθνος Ἰλλυρίας, ὃ καὶ Ἀράξης, Ἀλέξανδρος Κορνήλιος ἐν τῷ περὶ τῶν παρ´ Ἀλκμᾶνι τοπικῶς εἰρημένων, Πύξος ἡ πόλις καὶ τὸ φυτόν, μύξος, Βύξος ὄνομα κύριον. Σίξος πόλις Μαστιηνῶν. Ἑκαταῖος «μετὰ δὲ Σίξος πόλις». Φρίξος ἥρως καὶ πόλις Λυκίας, Λίξος ποταμὸς Λιβύης καὶ Μαυριτανίας καὶ ἔθνος. Λάκοξος, Ῥοῖξος ἐπίνειον Κιλικίας ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς τοῦ Σάρου ποταμοῦ. Κρόξος, Βόξος, Λάοξος ὁ ποταμός. Ὦξος ὁ ποταμός. Ἄξος πόλις Κρήτης ὡς Ἡρόδοτος ἐν τετάρτῃ (c. 154), Νάξος νῆσος τῶν Κυκλάδων ἀπὸ τοῦ Νάξου Καρῶν ἡγεμόνος, ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ Νάξου τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος. Εὐφορίων δὲ παρὰ τὸ νάξαι, ὅ φασι θῦσαί τινες. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Σικελίας. καὶ ἄλλοι τόποι Νάξοι. Ὄαξος πόλις Κρήτης Ἐλευθέρνης οὐ πόρρω, καθὰ Ξενίων ἀπὸ Ὀάξου τοῦ Ἀκακαλλίδος τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ Μίνω. τινὲς δὲ διὰ τὸ καταγῆναι τὸν τόπον καὶ κρημνώδη ὑπάρχειν. καλοῦσι γὰρ τοὺς τοιούτους τόπους ἄξους, καθάπερ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀγμούς. Χάραξος ἀπὸ τοῦ χαράξω, ἀφ´ οὗ Χαράξης. Ὀλόφυξος πόλις ἐν Θρᾴκῃ περὶ τὸν Ἄθω. Ἴξος λιμὴν τῆς Ῥόδου. τὸ μέντοι ἰξός τὸ προσηγορικὸν ὀξύνεται, καὶ τὸ λοξός, φοξός ὡς ἐπίθετα καὶ τὸ κοραξός ὡς ἐπίθετον ὀξύνεται, βαρύνεται δὲ ὡς ἐθνικόν. ἔστι δὲ ἔθνος Κόλχων πλησίον Κώλων. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. τὸ δὲ λαξός καὶ φυλλοξός κατὰ συγκοπὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοξόος καὶ φυλλοξόος γέγονεν.
Adjacent to Pallene; Itonos, a hero and a city of Thessaly, which is also called Iton; Alponos, a city and a mountain in Macedonia, as Euphorion says, though some say it is in Thessaly. There is also another among the Epizephyrian Locrians, as Hellanicus in the first book of the Deucalioneia. Tritonos, a small town of Macedonia; Trikolon(os), son of Lycaon, and from him a city of Arcadia. Words in -ξος, whether disyllabic or of more than two syllables, are barytone: Lipaxos, a city of Thrace—Hecataeus; Araxos, a promontory. There is also a people of Illyria, also called Araxes: Alexander Cornelius in the work On the Local Expressions in Alcman. Pyxos, the city and the plant; myxos; Byxos, a proper name. Sixos, a city of the Mastieni. Hecataeus: “and after that, Sixos, a city.” Phrixos, a hero and a city of Lycia; Lixos, a river of Libya and Mauretania, and also a people. Lakoxos; Roixos, a harbor-town of Cilicia at the mouths of the river Saros. Kroxos, Boxos; Laoxos, the river; Oxos, the river. Axos, a city of Crete, as Herodotus in the fourth book (c. 154); Naxos, an island of the Cyclades, from Naxos, leader of the Carians, though others from Naxos son of Endymion. Euphorion, however, derives it from νάξαι, which some say means “to sacrifice.” There is also a city of Sicily, and other places called Naxoi. Oaxos, a city of Crete not far from Eleutherna, as Xenion says, from Oaxos, son of Acacallis, daughter of Minos; but some because the place is broken ground and precipitous—for they call such places ἄξοι, just as we call them ἀγμοί. Charaxos from χαράξω, from which comes Charaxes. Olophyxos, a city in Thrace around Athos. Ixos, a harbor of Rhodes. The appellative ἰξός, however, is oxytone, and so is λοξός; and φοξός as an adjective, and κοραξός as an adjective are oxytone, but as an ethnic it is barytone. There is a people of the Colchians near the Koloi: Hecataeus in the Europa. And λαξός and φυλλοξός have come about by syncope from λαοξόος and φυλλοξόος.