Place names and accentuation of -ρος nouns (examples: Pharos, Paros, Canopus); orthography notes
Κασσωπός. οὕτως Ἡρόδωρός φησιν τοὺς Κασσωπίους, ἴσως κακῶς. Εὐρωπός ὁ Μακεδόνος καὶ Ὠρειθυίας τῆς Κέκροπος· καὶ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ πόλις Μακεδονίας. ἔστι καὶ Συρίας ἄλλη κτισθεῖσα ὑπὸ Νικάτορος, περὶ ἧς ὁ πολυίστωρ ἐν τῷ περὶ Συρίας φησὶν οὕτως «Ξενοφῶν ἐν ταῖς ἀναμετρήσεσι τῶν ὀρῶν περὶ Ἀμφίπολιν κεῖσθαι πόλιν Εὐρωπόν, ἣν πρότερον Τελμισσὸν καλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν κτισάντων. ταύτην δέ φασιν ὑπὸ Σελεύκου τοῦ Νικάτορος ἐπικτισθεῖσαν Ὠρωπὸν ὠνομάσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι Ὠρωποῦ». σημείωσαι τὸ Αἴσωπος. τὸ δὲ Κρότωπος καὶ Μελάνωπος κύρια οὐκ ἀπὸ μακρᾶς ἄρχονται. Κάνωπος δέ, ὅπερ ἔδει γράφεσθαι διὰ τοῦ 'π', ὅμως γράφεται διὰ τοῦ 'β'. τὸ δὲ ἄνθρωπος προσηγορικὸν προπαροξύνεται. τὸ μέντοι στενωπός ὀξύνεται προσηγορικὸν ὂν ἐπὶ θηλυκοῦ μόνου. ἔτι καὶ τὸ ἀλωπός ὀξύνεται. {1ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΙΣ 'ρος', 'σος', 'τος', 'φος' ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΘΕΞΗΣ. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ ηʹ.}1 Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'α' κύρια ὄντα ἢ προσηγορικὰ βαρύνονται, λάρος «λάρῳ ὄρνιθι ἐοικώς» (Od. ε 51), κάρος, Φάρος. ἔστι δὲ ἀρσενικόν. οὕτω γὰρ ὁ Μενελάου ἐκαλεῖτο πρωρεύς. ἀλλὰ καὶ θηλυκὸν ἐπὶ τῆς νήσου τῆς πρὸς τῇ Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ ὄνομα λαβούσης, ὥς φησιν Ἑκαταῖος. δηχθεὶς γὰρ ὑπὸ ὄφεως ἐν τῇ νήσῳ ἐτάφη. καὶ ὁμωνύμως λέγεται ὁ Σωστράτου τοῦ Δεξιφάνους πύργος ἐπ´ αὐτῆς. Φάρος δὲ καὶ ἡ Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἐκαλεῖτο. ἔστι καὶ νῆσος ἐν τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ ποταμὸν ὁμώνυμον ἔχουσα. ἔστι δὲ κτίσμα Παρίων, ὡς Ἔφορος εἰκοστῷ ὀγδόῳ. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Ἰλλυρίας, ὡς Πολύβιος γʹ. ἔστι καὶ Περραιβίας πόλις. σάρος καὶ Σάρος ποταμὸς Κιλικίας ὃς πρότερον Κοίρανος καλούμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Σάρου ἐκλήθη. Πάρος νῆσος, ἣν καὶ πόλιν Ἀρχίλοχος καλεῖ ἐν τοῖς ἐπῳδοῖς. τὸ ὄνομα μὲν
Cassopos. Thus Herodorus says the Cassopians, perhaps incorrectly. Europus, the Macedonian, son of Oreithyia daughter of Cecrops; and from him a city of Macedonia [was named]. There is also another [Europus] of Syria, founded by Nicator, about which the polymath says in his work On Syria as follows: “Xenophon, in the Measurements of the Mountains, says that near Amphipolis there lies a city Europus, which earlier was called Telmissus by its founders. And they say that this city, having been refounded by Seleucus Nicator, was named Oropus after the Oropus in Hellas.” Note Αἴσωπος. But the proper names Κρότωπος and Μελάνωπος do not begin with a long [vowel]. Κάνωπος, however, which ought to be written with ‘π’, is nevertheless written with ‘β’. But the appellative ἄνθρωπος is accented with the antepenult. στενωπός, however, though an appellative, is accented with an acute, and only in the feminine. Further, ἀλωπός too is accented with an acute.
{1ON WORDS ENDING IN ‘ρος’, ‘σος’, ‘τος’, ‘φος’, AND THE FOLLOWING. BOOK 8.}1 Disyllables in -ρος with penult in ‘α’, being proper names or appellatives, are barytone: λάρος, “like a λάρος bird” (Od. ε 51), κάρος, Φάρος. It is masculine; for thus was called the lookout of Menelaus. But it is also feminine, of the island near Alexandria which took its name from him, as Hecataeus says; for, having been bitten by a snake on the island, he was buried [there]. And the tower of Sostratus son of Dexiphanes upon it is called by the same name. Φάρος, moreover, was also the name of Alexandria. There is also an island in the Adrias having a river of the same name; and it is a foundation of the Parians, as Ephorus [says] in the twenty-eighth [book]. There is also a city of Illyria, as Polybius book 3 [says]. There is also a city of Perrhaebia. σάρος, and Σάρος, a river of Cilicia, which formerly was called Κοίρανος, was named from its leader Σάρος. Πάρος, an island, which Archilochus also calls a city in the Epodes. The name indeed…