Passage lists place names (Paros, Paktiān, Zakynthos, Hyria, Skaros, Tomaros) and discusses accentuation and dialectal forms (Doric κλάρος), with rules for accent behavior of disyllabic adjectives and nouns ending in -ηρος, -ρος, -ος, and examples from poets (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer).
λέγεται ἀπὸ Πάρου τοῦ Παρρασίου ἀνδρὸς Ἀρκάδος ἔχειν ὡς Καλλίμαχος. Νικάνωρ δὲ ἐν ταῖς μετονομασίαις κεκλῆσθαί φησιν Πακτίαν Δημητριάδα Ζάκυνθον Ὑρίαν Ὑλήεσσαν καὶ Μινῴαν καὶ Κάβαρνιν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη Πάρος νῆσος Λιβυρνῶν, ὥς φησι Σκύμνος ὁ Χῖος ἐν πρώτῳ περιηγήσεως. Κλάρος. Νίκανδρος (Ther. 958) μνῆστιν ἔχοις, τὸν ἔθρεψε Κλάρος νιφόεσσα πολίχνη. γάρος. Αἰσχύλος Πρωτεῖ σατυρικῷ καὶ τὸν ἰχθύων γάρον· σπάρος, σκάρος καὶ Σκάρος πόλις Λυκίας καὶ τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμοίως. ἔστι δὲ καὶ κρήνη ἱερά. Τμάρος ὁ Τόμαρος ὄρος Δωδώνης. τὸ δὲ βᾶρος καὶ ᾿Ρᾶρος παρ´ Ἀττικοῖς κατὰ χρόνον σημειώδη. τὸ δὲ κλᾶρός ἐστι Δωρικόν. τὰ μέντοι ἐπίθετα ὀξύνεται, μναρός ὁ ἡδὺς, λαρός ὁ γλυκύς «λαρὸς ἄμης», ἔνθεν τὸ οὐδέτερον «λαρὸν τετυκοίμεθα δόρπον» (Od. μ 283). ψαρός, ναρός, ἔνθεν θηλυκὸν παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν Ἰνάχῳ σατυρικῷ ναράς τε πατρὸς κυμάτων ἐπιρροὰς ἐπώμοσα. Τὰ εἰς 'ηρος' δισύλλαβα κύρια ὄντα βαρύνεται, Σῆρος, Τρῆρος χωρίον Θρᾴκης, Δρῆρος πόλις Κρητική. τὰ δὲ προσηγορικά, εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ συμφώνων ἄρχοιντο, ὀξύνεται, κηρός, φηρός ἡ τροφὴ τῶν θεῶν, μηρός. τὸ μέντοι κλῆρος βαρύνεται ὡς ἀπὸ δύο συμφώνων ἀρξάμενον. Τὰ εἰς 'ηρος' δισύλλαβα ἐπιθετικὰ ὄντα μετὰ θηλυκῶν, εἰ μὲν ἀπὸ ἡμιφώνου ἄρχοιτο, ὀξύνεται, σκληρός, ξηρός. καὶ τὸ πηρός δὲ ὀξύνεται παρὰ τῷ ποιητῇ, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς πῆρος. ὑγιεστέρα δὲ ἡ παρὰ τῷ ποιητῇ ἀνάγνωσις, ἐπεὶ τὰ εἰς 'ος' δισύλλαβα, εἰ ἔχοι τὴν πρώτην συλλαβὴν ἔχουσαν τὸ 'π' καὶ τὸ 'η' ὀξύνονται οἷον πηός, πηλός. οὕτως καὶ πηρός. τὸ δὲ λῆρος μονογενές. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ι' κύρια ὄντα βαρύνεται,
It is said, on the authority of Callimachus, to derive from Paros the Parrhasian, an Arcadian man. But Nicanor in the Μετονομασίαι says that it was called Pactia, Demetrias, Zacynthus, Hyria, Hyleessa, and Minoia and Cabarnis. There is also another island Paros of the Liburnians, as Scymnus of Chios says in the first book of his Periegesis.
Claros. Nicander (Ther. 958): “may you have a suitor, whom snowy Claros, a little city, reared.”
Garos. Aeschylus in the satyric Proteus also has “the garos of fishes”; and σπάρος, σκᾶρος, and Scara, a city of Lycia, and the ethnic name likewise. There is also a sacred spring.
Tmaros: Tomaros, the mountain of Dodona. But βᾶρος and Ῥᾶρος among the Attics are marked according to time. But κλᾶρος is Doric.
The adjectives, however, are accented with an acute: μναρός “pleasant,” λαρός “sweet,” “λαρὸς ἄμης,” whence the neuter “λαρὸν τετυκοίμεθα δόρπον” (Od. μ 283); ψαρός, ναρός, whence the feminine in Sophocles’ satyric Inachus: “and I swore the flowing surges of my father’s waves, ναράς.”
The disyllabic proper names in -ηρος are accented with a grave: Σῆρος, Τρῆρος, a place in Thrace, Δρῆρος, a Cretan city. But the appellatives are accented with an acute, unless they begin with consonants: κηρός, φηρός, the food of the gods, μηρός. Yet κλῆρος is accented with a grave, as beginning with two consonants.
The disyllabic adjectival forms in -ηρος with feminine forms: if they begin with a semivowel, they are accented with an acute, σκληρός, ξηρός. And πηρός too is accented with an acute in the poet, but among the Attics πῆρος. The poet’s reading is sounder, since disyllables in -ος, if they have the first syllable containing π and η, are accented with an acute, e.g. πηός, πηλός; so too πηρός. But λῆρος is of one gender.
The disyllabic forms in -ρος with penult in ι, being proper names, are accented with a grave,