Discussion of accentuation and vowel effects in disyllables ending in -ρος (and related endings -ω, -αι), with many place-name examples (Σύρος/Syrus, Τύρος/Tyros, Δῶρος/Doros, Μύρος/Myros, Σκοῦρος/Skyros, etc.), adjectival forms, and citations to ancient authors (Strabo, Artemidorus, Arrian, Josephus, Apollodorus, Hecataeus).
Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'υ' βραχεῖ βαρύνονται, Σύρος κοινὸν ὄνομα πολλῶν ἐθνῶν. Τύρος νῆσος ἐν Φοινίκῃ ἀπὸ Τύρου τοῦ Φοίνικος. ἔστι καὶ Τύρος τῆς Λακωνικῆς καὶ νῆσος πρὸς τῇ Ἐρυθρᾷ θαλάσσῃ, ἣν Ἀρτεμίδωρος Τύλον διὰ τοῦ 'λ' καλεῖ, ἔστι καὶ πόλις Ἰνδίας καὶ Λυδίας καὶ Πισιδίας. Ἀρριανὸς δὲ τὰ Ἄναθα Τύρον καλεῖ. Μύρος ποταμὸς παραρρέων Μύραν πόλιν ὁ καὶ Μύρων. εἰ δὲ ἔχοι ἐκτεταμένον, κύρια μὲν ὄντα βαρύνεται, Κῦρος, Σκῦρος, ἡ νῆσος, περὶ ἧς Νικόλαος ἐν πέμπτῳ «Σκῦρον δὲ τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν ᾤκουν Πελασγοί τε καὶ Κᾶρες». Σφῦρος, Σῦρος νῆσος Ἰωνική, ὡς Στράβων δεκάτῃ, ἣν ὁ ποιητὴς Συρίην καλεῖ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ (o 403) ἥτις μηκύνει τὴν πρώτην. μὴ οὕτω δέ, ὀξύνεται, πυρός ὁ σῖτος, τυρός, ξυρός. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' μονογενῆ δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ω' βαρύνεται, Δῶρος ὁ Ἕλληνος καὶ πόλις Φοινίκης. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ «μετὰ δὲ ἡ πάλαι Δῶρος, νῦν δὲ Δῶρα καλεῖται». Ἰώσηπος ἐν ϛʹ τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς ἱστορίας «εἶναί τι γύναιον ἐν πόλει Δώρῳ» καὶ πάλιν «ὅτε ἤνεγκεν εἰς τὴν Δῶρον». Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν χρονικῶν δʹ «εἰς Δῶρον οὖσαν ἐπιθαλάττιον πόλιν». καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ἐν Ἀσίᾳ «Δῶρος τ´ ἀγχίαλός τ´ Ἰόπη προύχουσα θαλάσσης». καὶ Χάραξ ιαʹ «Τρύφων ἐν Δώρῳ τῆς κοίλης Συρίας πόλει πολιορκούμενος ὑπ´ Ἀντιόχου ἔφυγεν εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα τὴν Ἄκην λεγομένην». ἔστι καὶ Καρίας Δῶρος πόλις, ἣν συγκαταλέγει ταῖς πόλεσιν ταῖς Καρικαῖς Κρατερὸς ἐν τῷ περὶ ψηφισμάτων τρίτῳ «Καρικὸς φόρος· Δῶρος, Φασηλῖται». Βῶρος. Χλῶρος τὸ κύριον, χῶρος, Πρῶρος, Πῶρος ὄνομα κύριον. Ὦρος. σεσημείωται τὸ σωρός τὸ πλῆθος ἐκ τοῦ σωρεός συγκοπέν. τὰ μέντοι ἐπιθετικὰ ὀξύνεται, χλωρός, βλωρός ὁ ὑπόλευκος, ζωρός ὁ θερμός, ψωρός, πωρός, μωρός καὶ μῶρος Ἀττικῶς. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῇ 'αι' διφθόγγῳ, εἰ μὲν κύρια
Disyllables in -ρος with short υ in the penult are barytone: Σύρος, a common name of many peoples. Τύρος, an island in Phoenicia, from Τύρος the Phoenician. There is also a Τύρος of Laconia, and an island by the Red Sea, which Artemidorus calls Τύλον with λ; there is also a city of India and of Lydia and of Pisidia. Arrian, however, calls the Ἄναθα Τύρος. Μύρος, a river flowing past the city Μύρα, also called Μύρων. But if it has a long vowel, then, being proper names, they are barytone: Κῦρος, Σκῦρος, the island, about which Nicolaus in the fifth book says, “But in former times Pelasgians and Carians inhabited Σκῦρος.” Σφῦρος; Σῦρος, an Ionian island, as Strabo in the tenth book, which the poet calls Συρίη in the Odyssey (o 403), and it lengthens the first syllable. Otherwise they are oxytone: πυρός, the wheat; τυρός; ξυρός. Monosyllabic-gender disyllables in -ρος with ω in the penult are barytone: Δῶρος, son of Hellen, and a city of Phoenicia. Hecataeus in the Asia: “and after this, what was formerly Δῶρος is now called Δῶρα.” Josephus in the sixth book of the Jewish History: “that there was a certain woman in the city Δῶρος,” and again, “when he brought it into Δῶρος.” Apollodorus in the fourth book of the Chronicles: “to Δῶρος, a city on the sea.” And Alexander in the Asia: “and Δῶρος on the shore, and Joppa projecting into the sea.” And Charax in the eleventh: “Tryphon, being besieged by Antiochus in Δῶρος, a city of Coele Syria, fled to Ptolemais, called Acre.” There is also a city of Caria, Δῶρος, which Craterus in the third book On Decrees includes among the Carian cities: “Carian tribute: Δῶρος, the Phaselites.” Βῶρος. Χλῶρος, the proper name; χῶρος; Πρῶρος; Πῶρος, a proper name. Ὦρος. Note is made of σωρός, ‘a heap,’ contracted from σωρεός. Adjectives, however, are oxytone: χλωρός; βλωρός, ‘whitish’; ζωρός, ‘hot’; ψωρός; πωρός; μωρός, and μῶρος in Attic. Disyllables in -ρος with the diphthong αι in the penult, if they are proper names…