Discussion of accentuation and vowel/diphthong effects in disyllabic -ρος words, with examples, names, and ethnic/place references.
εἴη, βαρύνεται, Σφαῖρος, Σκαῖρος. εἰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως, ὀξύνεται, καιρός, θαιρός, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν στρόφιγγα «ῥῆξαι δ´ ἀπ´ ἀμφοτέρους θαιρούς» (Μ 459). τὸ δὲ δαῖρος διφορεῖται ἤτοι ὁ καυστικός. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα τῇ 'αυ' διφθόγγῳ παραληγόμενα ἐπὶ ἐμψύχων τιθέμενα βαρύνεται, φλαῦρος, σαῦρος, καῦρος ὁ κακός. ταῦρος καὶ Ταῦρος ἔθνος περὶ τὰ Ἄλπεια ὄρη, οἳ καὶ Ταυρίσκοι καὶ Ταυρῖνοι. ἔστι καὶ ὄρος διὰ μέσης Ἀσίας διῆκον, διότι ταύρους οἱ παλαιοὶ πάντα τὰ μεγάλα καὶ βίαια ἐπωνόμαζον. ἢ προτομῇ ταύρου τὰ πρὸς τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἀπείκασαν. Μαῦρος ἔθνος μέγα Λιβύης, ὃ καὶ Μαυρούσιοι. Ξαῦρος ὄνομα κύριον καὶ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ Ξαῦρος πόλις Μακεδονίας. σημείωσαι τὸ σταυρός ἄψυχον. καὶ τὸ μαυρός ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀμαυρός γέγονεν. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα τῇ 'ευ' παραληγόμενα σπάνια βαρύτονα, εὖρος, πλεῦρος. τὸ δὲ λευρός ἐπίθετον καὶ Νευρός ὄνομα ἔθνους. * Τὸ χοῖρος μόνον δισύλλαβον εἰς 'ος' τῇ 'οι' διφθόγγῳ παραληγόμενον προπερισπᾶται. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα ἁπλᾶ παραληγόμενα τῇ 'ου' διφθόγγῳ βαρύνεται, εἰ μή τι εἴη κατὰ διαστολήν, οὖρος ὁ ἄνεμος, οὐρός τόπος ὁ περιορίζων τὰς ναῦς, Φροῦρος τὸ κύριον· ἔστι δὲ ἔθνος Σκυθικόν, φρουρός τὸ ἐπίθετον, κοῦρος, θοῦρος, λοῦρος πλακοῦντος εἶδος. τὸ τὲ κηπουρός καὶ οἰκουρός ὡς σύνθετα τρισύλλαβα τὴν ἄρχουσαν μακρὰν ἔχοντα ὀξύνεται.
Let it be so: it is accented with a grave, Σφαῖρος, Σκαῖρος. But if not in this way, it is accented with an acute, καιρός, θαιρός, which means the peg: “and he broke off from both θαιρούς” (Μ 459). But δαῖρος is of double accentuation, that is, ‘the caustic.’ The disyllables in -ρος with the diphthong αυ in the penult, when applied to animate beings, are accented with a grave: φλαῦρος, σαῦρος, καῦρος ‘the bad.’ ταῦρος, and Ταῦρος, a people around the Alpine mountains, who are also called Ταυρίσκοι and Ταυρῖνοι. There is also a mountain range running through the middle of Asia, because the ancients used to call all great and violent things ‘bulls’; or they likened the parts by the sea to the forepart of a bull. Μαῦρος, a great people of Libya, who are also Μαυρούσιοι. Ξαῦρος, a proper name, and from it Ξαῦρος, a city of Macedonia. Note that σταυρός is inanimate; and μαυρός has come from ἀμαυρός. The disyllables in -ρος with ευ in the penult are rarely barytone: εὖρος, πλεῦρος; but λευρός is an adjective, and Νευρός the name of a people. χοῖρος alone, a disyllable in -ος with the diphthong οι in the penult, is accented with a circumflex on the antepenult. The simple disyllables in -ρος with the diphthong ου in the penult are accented with a grave, unless something is by distinction: οὖρος ‘the wind,’ οὐρός ‘a place that bounds the ships,’ Φροῦρος the proper name; there is also a Scythian people; φρουρός the adjective; κοῦρος, θοῦρος, λοῦρος, a kind of cake. But κηπουρός and οἰκουρός, as compound trisyllables having the initial syllable long, are accented with an acute.