Lists Greek toponyms, ethnics, and personal names ending in -ρος with an accentuation rule: over-disyllabic words ending in -ρος with an intervening 'a' (monogenēs or kyrios) are proparoxytone; many examples of rivers, islands, cities and notes on forms and gender.
Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'α', μονογενῆ ἢ κύρια, προπαροξύνεται Πίνδαρος, Πάνδαρος, κόμαρος, ἄγγαρος, Αἴσαρος ποταμός, τάλαρος, κύλλαρος, Φρέαρος Ἀθήνησιν ἐπίσημος ἥρως καὶ Φρέαροι δῆμος Ἀθήνησιν, Ὠλίαρος νῆσος τῶν Κυκλάδων μία, περὶ ἧς Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ποντικὸς ἐν τῷ περὶ νήσων οὕτω φησίν «Ὠλίαρος Σιδωνίων ἀποικία ἀπέχουσα Πάρου σταδίους ιηʹ». Σάγγαρος ποταμός, Τόμαρος ὄρος Δωδώνης, ὅ τινες Τόμουρον. οἱ δὲ Τμάρος. Ταίναρος πόλις Λακωνικὴ ἀπὸ Ταινάρου τοῦ Γεραιστοῦ μὲν ἀδελφοῦ, Διὸς δὲ παιδός· ὃς πλέων σὺν Καλαβρῷ τῷ ἀδελφῷ καὶ τόπον τῆς Πελοποννήσου καταλαβών τινα Ποσειδῶνος ἱερὸν ἱδρύσατο, ὃ καλεῖται Ταίναρον. ἔστι καὶ Ταίναρος ὁ Ἰκαρίου υἱός «ἀφ´ οὗ καλεῖται ἡ πόλις καὶ ἡ ἄκρα καὶ ὁ λιμήν». Γύαρος νῆσος μία τῶν Σποράδων. Δέξαρος ἔθνος Χαόνων τοῖς Ἐγχελέαις προσεχεῖς. Μεμβλίαρος ὁ Θήραν οἰκήσας Φοῖνιξ εἷς τῶν μετὰ Κάδμου καὶ νῆσος πλησίον Θήρας ἡ νῦν Ἀνάφη. λέγεται κατ´ ἀφαίρεσιν Βλίαρος. Καλλίαρος πόλις Λοκρῶν ἀπὸ Καλλιάρου τοῦ Ὁδοδόκου καὶ Λαονόμης, ὡς Ἑλλάνικος ἐν πρώτῃ Δευκαλιωνείας. Στράβων δ´ ἐν ἐνάτῃ παρὰ τὸ εὐήροτον αὐτὴν εἶναι. φασὶ καὶ Καλλίαρα οὐδετέρως. Ἴκαρος νῆσος μία τῶν Κυκλάδων. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Ἀττικῆς καὶ νῆσος πρὸς τῇ Ἐρυθρᾷ θαλάσσῃ. Ἴσμαρος πόλις Θρᾴκης τῶν Κικόνων. Ὅμηρος (Od. ι 40). Πίναρος ποταμὸς παρ´ Ἰσσῷ. Πάταρος ὁ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Λυκίας. Λίπαρος ὁ υἱὸς Αὔσονος. Γίνδαρος ἀκρόπολις Κύρρου, πόλεως Συρίας. Ἀμισώδαρος ὁ πατὴρ Σιδάκης. Ὕμαρος ὁ πατὴρ Γέλωνος. Ἄψαρος τόπος ἐν Εὐξείνῳ πόντῳ Ἄψυρτος πρότερον λεγόμενος. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα δεδιπλασιασμένα κατ´ ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν πρώτην συλλαβὴν εἰς 'ρ' καταλήγοντα προπαροξύνεται, βάρβαρος· οὐκ ἐπὶ ἔθνους, ἀλλ´ ἐπὶ φωνῆς ἐλαμβάνετο ὡς καὶ Ὅμηρος τοὺς Κᾶρας βαρβαροφώνους ὡς πολεμίους τῶν Ἰώνων. εἴρηται παρὰ τοῖς νεωτέροις ἐθνικῶς. Τάρταρος. Κράτης τὸν ὑπὸ τοῖς πόλοις ἀέρα παχύν τε καὶ ψυχρόν τινα καὶ ἀφώτιστον· Ὅμηρος δὲ τόπον εἶναι συνέχοντα τοὺς περὶ Κρόνον καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν ὄντας. λέγεται δὲ ἀρσενικῶς καὶ θηλυκῶς καὶ οὐδετέρως. Γάργαρος ὁ Διός, ἀφ´ οὗ Γάργαρα πόλις Τρῳάδος, ἣν Ἀλκμὰν θηλυκῶς τὴν Γάργαρόν φησιν, μάρμαρος, οὕτως οὖν καὶ κάρχαρος τριγενές. «Τρίτωνος ἠμάλαψε κάρχαρος κύων» (Ly- cophr. 34) καὶ τὸ θηλυκὸν παρ´ Ἀλκμᾶνι «καρχάραισι φωναῖς» καὶ ἐπίρρημα καρχάρως. Κέρβερος, πέρπερος, βόρβορος.
The words in -ρος, of more than two syllables, with penult in α, whether simple or proper names, are accented with the antepenult acute: Πίνδαρος, Πάνδαρος, κόμαρος, ἄγγαρος, Αἴσαρος (a river), τάλαρος, κύλλαρος, Φρέαρος, a hero famous at Athens, and Φρέαροι, a deme at Athens; Ὠλίαρος, an island, one of the Cyclades, about which Heracleides of Pontus in his work On Islands speaks thus: “Ὠλίαρος, a colony of the Sidonians, distant from Paros eighteen stades.” Σάγγαρος, a river; Τόμαρος, a mountain of Dodona, which some call Τόμουρον, but others Τμάρος. Ταίναρος, a Laconian city, from Taenarus, brother of Geraestus and son of Zeus; who, sailing with his brother Calabros and taking possession of a certain place in the Peloponnese, founded a sanctuary of Poseidon, which is called Taenarus. There is also Ταίναρος, the son of Icarius, “from whom the city and the promontory and the harbor are named.” Γύαρος, an island, one of the Sporades. Δέξαρος, a tribe of the Chaones, bordering on the Encheleae. Μεμβλίαρος, the Phoenician who settled Thera, one of those who came with Cadmus, and also an island near Thera, now called Ἀνάφη; it is said to be Βλίαρος by aphairesis. Καλλίαρος, a city of the Locrians, from Calliarus son of Hododocus and Laonome, as Hellanicus says in the first book of the Deucalioneia; but Strabo in the ninth book derives it from its being “well-ploughed.” They also say Καλλίαρα in the neuter. Ἴκαρος, an island, one of the Cyclades; there is also a city of Attica and an island by the Red Sea. Ἴσμαρος, a city of Thrace of the Cicones; Homer (Od. ι 40). Πίναρος, a river near Issus. Πάταρος, of Apollo and Lycia. Λίπαρος, the son of Auson. Γίνδαρος, the acropolis of Cyrrhus, a city of Syria. Ἀμισώδαρος, the father of Sidace. Ὕμαρος, the father of Gelon. Ἄψαρος, a place in the Euxine Sea, formerly called Ἄψυρτος.
The words in -ρος, of more than two syllables, with initial reduplication and with the first syllable ending in ρ, are accented with the antepenult acute: βάρβαρος; it was taken not of a nation but of speech, as Homer too calls the Carians βαρβαροφώνοι as enemies of the Ionians; among the later writers it has been used ethnically. Τάρταρος. Crates says it is the air beneath the poles, thick and cold and without light; but Homer says it is a place containing those about Cronus and being beneath the earth. It is used as masculine and feminine and neuter. Γάργαρος, the son of Zeus, from whom Γάργαρα, a city of the Troad; and Alcman says the feminine τὴν Γάργαρόν. μάρμαρος; so too κάρχαρος is of three genders: “Τρίτωνος ἠμάλαψε κάρχαρος κύων” (Ly- cophr. 34), and the feminine in Alcman “καρχάραισι φωναῖς,” and the adverb καρχάρως. Κέρβερος, πέρπερος, βόρβορος.