Discusses Greek accentuation rules for disyllabic and trisyllabic adjectives ending in -ρος, -ος, -κρος, with examples (e.g. λιβρός, λυγρός, Ἄνδρος) and notes on ethnics/place names and etymologies.
τὰ δὲ τριγενῆ ὀξύνεται λιβρός ὁ σκοτεινός. τὸ δὲ λάβρος σύνθετον. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα μετ´ ἐπιπλοκῆς τοῦ 'γ' βαρύνεται, μονογενῆ ὄντα, φάγρος, πάγρος, γόγγρος. τὰ δὲ τριγενῆ ὀξύνεται, λυγρός, ὑγρός, μεθ´ ὧν καὶ ἀγρός. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα ἔχοντα 'δ' μονογενῆ βαρύνεται, Ἄνδρος νῆσος μία τῶν Κυκλάδων. ἐκλήθη δὲ ἀπὸ Ἄνδρου τοῦ Εὐρυμάχου ἢ τοῦ Ἀνίου ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν Οἰνοτρόπων. τινὲς δέ φασιν Ἀνδρέα τοῦτον καὶ Ἀνίου παῖδα. Σκίδρος πόλις Ἰταλίας. Κόδρος. Φαῖδρος τὸ κύριον, φαιδρός δὲ ὁ λαμπρός ὀξύνεται, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ κυδρός ὁ τίμιος. σεσημείωται τὸ χονδρός ὀξυνόμενον, οὐ τὸ ἐπίθετον τριγενὲς ὄν, ἀλλὰ τὸ προσηγορικὸν εἶδος ἐντέρου ὄν. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' δισύλλαβα τριγενῆ ἔχοντα δασὺ πρὸ τοῦ 'ρ' ὀξύνεται, νωθρός, σαθρός, ψυχρός, ἐχθρός, αἰσχρός, στιφρός ὁ συνεστραμμένος. βληχρός. σεσημείωται τὸ γλίσχρος. τὰ δὲ μονογενῆ βαρύνεται οἷον δίφρος καὶ Δίφροι πόλις Φοινίκων καὶ τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμώνυμον, ὦχρος τὸ μονογενές, ὠχρός τὸ ἐπίθετον. τάχα δὲ καὶ τὸ ὦχρος ἐγένετο παρὰ τὸ ἄχροος, ὃ ἐν ὑπερθέσει γίνεται ἄοχρος καὶ κατὰ συναλοιφὴν ποιεῖ τὸ ὦχρος βαρυνόμενον. ἄλλως τε τὰ εἰς 'ος' λήγοντα δισύλλαβα μονογενῆ ἀρχόμενα ἀπὸ τοῦ 'ω', μὴ προσκειμένου τοῦ 'ι', βαρύνεται ὦμος. πρόσκειται μὴ ἔχοντα τὸ 'ι' διὰ τὸ ᾠδός. σεσημείωται τὸ ἀφρός ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὑγρῶν ὀξυνόμενον, τὸ δὲ ἐθνικὸν Ἄφρος βαρύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'κρος' δισύλλαβα ἀπὸ συμφώνου ἀρχόμενα ὀξύνεται, μακρός, πικρός, μικρός, νεκρός, λευκρός ὁ φαλακρός παρὰ Σαλαμινίοις, Λοκρός ὁ κτίστης καὶ ἔθνος καὶ Λοκροὶ Ἐπιζεφύριοι πόλις Ἰταλίας. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. Τευκρός τὸ ἐθνικὸν οἱ Τρῶες, Τεῦκρος δὲ τὸ κύριον υἱὸς Σκαμάνδρου καὶ Ἰδαίας νύμφης. ἔστι μὲν κανὼν ὁ λέγων, ὅτι τοῖς συνοικισταῖς ὁμοφωνεῖ τὰ ἐθνικὰ δηλονότι καὶ γραφῇ καὶ τόνῳ οἷον Ἴων, Θετταλός, Ἀχαιός, Τρώς, Δαναός, Λοκρός. τὸ δὲ
The trigender forms are accented on the acute: λιβρός “dark.” But λάβρος is a compound. The disyllables in -ρος with insertion of γ, being monogender, are accented on the grave: φάγρος, πάγρος, γόγγρος. But the trigender ones are accented on the acute: λυγρός, ὑγρός, along with which also ἀγρός. The disyllables in -ρος having δ, monogender, are accented on the grave: Ἄνδρος, an island, one of the Cyclades. It was named from Ἄνδρος son of Εὔρυμαχος or of Ἄνιος, brother of the father of the Οἰνοτρόποι; but some say that this Ἄνδρος was also a son of Ἄνιος. Σκίδρος, a city of Italy. Κόδρος. Φαῖδρος, the proper name; but φαιδρός “bright” is accented on the acute, just as also κυδρός “honoured.” χονδρός is noted as being accented on the acute—not the adjective, though it is trigender, but the appellative meaning, being a kind of intestine. The disyllables in -ρος, trigender, having a rough breathing before ρ, are accented on the acute: νωθρός, σαθρός, ψυχρός, ἐχθρός, αἰσχρός, στιφρός “contracted,” βληχρός. γλίσχρος is noted. But the monogender ones are accented on the grave, such as δίφρος, and Δίφροι, a city of the Phoenicians, and the ethnic of the same name; ὦχρος, the monogender noun, but ὠχρός, the adjective. Perhaps ὦχρος also arose from ἄχροος, which by transposition becomes ἄοχρος and by contraction produces ὦχρος with grave accent. Moreover, disyllabic monogender words ending in -ος beginning with ω, with no ι added, are accented on the grave: ὦμος; “with no ι” is added because of ᾠδός. ἀφρός, in the sense used of liquids, is noted as being accented on the acute, but the ethnic Ἄφρος is accented on the grave. The disyllables in -κρος beginning with a consonant are accented on the acute: μακρός, πικρός, μικρός, νεκρός, λευκρός “bald” among the Salaminians; Λοκρός, the founder and the people, and Λοκροὶ Ἐπιζεφύριοι, a city of Italy. Hecataeus, in his Europa. Τευκρός, the ethnic, “the Trojans,” but Τεῦκρος, the proper name, son of Scamander and the nymph Idaea. There is a rule that the ethnics agree in sound with the founders, clearly both in spelling and in accent, e.g. Ἴων, Θετταλός, Ἀχαιός, Τρώς, Δαναός, Λοκρός. But the …