γὰρ παρεσχηματίσθη ἀβληχρά ὡς πενιχρά, ψυχρά. διὸ οὐκ εὖ βαρύνει Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Μιλήσιος λόγῳ χρώμενος τούτῳ ὡς ὅτι βληχρόν ἐστι τὸ ἰσχυρόν, ὅπερ κατὰ στέρησιν ὀφείλει λέγεσθαι ἄβληχρος ὡς ἄκακος. Τὰ εἰς 'ρος' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς κύρια ὄντα μετ´ ἐπιπλοκῆς συμφώνου προπαροξύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἐθνικὰ εἴη, Μίνυθρος, Ἔρυθρος ὁ ἥρως, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἐρυθρὰ ἡ θάλασσα, Χάραδρος ποταμὸς ὡς Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ «μετὰ δὲ Χάραδρος ποταμός». Σκάμανδρος ἥρως καὶ ποταμὸς Τροίας. Μυρίανδρος πόλις Συρίας πρὸς τῇ Φοινίκῃ. Ξενοφῶν ἐν πρώτῳ ἀναβάσεως ( 4, 6). Μαίανδρος ποταμὸς καὶ πόλις Μαγνησίας. Ἄντανδρος πόλις ὑπὸ τὴν Ἴδην πρὸς τῇ Μυσίᾳ τῆς Αἰολίδος. ἀπὸ Ἀντάνδρου τοῦ στρατηγοῦ Αἰολέων. ἢ ἡ ἀντὶ ἀνδρὸς δεδομένη, ἐπειδὴ Ἀσκάνιος αἰχμάλωτος γίνεται ὑπὸ Πελασγῶν καὶ ἀνθ´ ἑαυτοῦ τὴν πόλιν δέδωκε λύτρον καὶ ἀπελύθη. Τήλανδρος πόλις Καρίας. Ἀλέξανδρος δ´ ὁ πολυίστωρ οὐδετέρως πόλιν Τήλανδρον καλεῖ πρώτῳ Λυκιακῶν καὶ Τηλάνδρειαν τὴν αὐτήν. Φολέγανδρος νῆσος τῶν Σποράδων ἀπὸ Φολεγάνδρου τοῦ Μίνωος «ἣν Ἄρατος σιδηρείην ὀνομάζει διὰ τὴν τραχύτητα» (Strabo 10, 484). Τάρανδρος χωρίον Φρυγίας. Βήριθρος πόλις Τρωϊκή. Ἄθυμβρος, οὗ κτίσμα Ἄθυμβρα πόλις Καρίας. Κέλαιθρος, ἀφ´ οὗ Κελαίθρα πόλις Βοιωτίας. Γάλαδρος Ἠμαθίου παῖς καὶ ὄρος. Κάϋστρος ποταμός, ὃς διὰ τὸ ἔχειν τὴν κεκαυμένην χώραν πλησίον ἐκλήθη. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Κάϋστρος υἱὸς Πενθεσιλείας τῆς Ἀμαζόνος, ὃς ἐν Ἀσκάλωνι ἔγημε τὴν Δερκετώ. καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἔσχε τὴν Σεμίραμιν, ἥτις καὶ Βαβυλώνια τείχη κατεσκεύασεν. Τέγεστρος, ἀφ´ οὗ Τέγεστρα πόλις Ἰλλυρίας. τὸ δὲ Οἰνωτρός ἔθνος ὁμοφώνως τῷ οἰκιστῇ ὡς Ἰταλός καὶ Ἴων καὶ Κίλιξ. ὡσαύτως καὶ Καλαβρός ὁ οἰκήτωρ τῆς Καλαβρίας ὡς τῆς Κανταβρίας Κανταβρός. τὸ δὲ Ἴνσοβρος ἔθνος Ἰταλικὸν Πολύβιος ιϛʹ βαρύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'σος' διβράχεα βαρύνεται, Θάσος νῆσος πρὸς τῇ Θρᾴκῃ ἀπὸ Θάσου. Κάσος Κλεόχου υἱὸς καὶ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ μία τῶν Κυκλάδων «οἱ δ´ ἄρα Νίσυρόν τ´ εἶχον Κράπαθόν τε Κάσον τε» (Β 676). ἔστι καὶ ἑτέρα Περσίδος πόλις. Ἄσος πολίχνιον Κρήτης. νόσος, δρόσος, πίσος τὸ ὄσπριον, μέσος, ἴσος, πόσος, ὅσος, τόσος.
For ἀβληχρά has been formed by a figure, like πενιχρά, ψυχρά. Therefore Heracleides of Miletus does not rightly put the accent grave, using this argument, that βληχρόν means “the strong,” whereas, by privation, it ought to be said ἄβληχρος, like ἄκακος.
Proper names ending in -ρος, of more than two syllables, with a consonant cluster, are accented on the antepenult, unless they are ethnics: Μίνυθρος, Ἔρυθρος the hero, from whom the Ἐρυθρὰ θάλασσα; Χάραδρος, a river, as Hecataeus says in the Asia: «μετὰ δὲ Χάραδρος ποταμός». Σκάμανδρος, a hero and the river of Troy. Μυρίανδρος, a city of Syria near Phoenicia; Xenophon in the first book of the Anabasis (4, 6). Μαίανδρος, a river and a city of Magnesia. Ἄντανδρος, a city under Ida, near the Mysia of Aeolis—either from Antandrus, the general of the Aeolians, or because it was given “in place of a man,” since Ascanius was taken captive by the Pelasgians and, in exchange for himself, gave the city as ransom and was released. Τήλανδρος, a city of Caria; but Alexander Polyhistor calls the city Τήλανδρον in the neuter in the first book of the Lyciaca, and Τηλάνδρεια as the same place. Φολέγανδρος, an island of the Sporades, from Pholegandrus son of Minos, «which Aratus calls “iron” because of its roughness» (Strabo 10, 484). Τάρανδρος, a place in Phrygia. Βήριθρος, a Trojan city. Ἄθυμβρος, whose foundation is Ἄθυμβρα, a city of Caria. Κέλαιθρος, from whom Κελαίθρα, a city of Boeotia. Γάλαδρος, son of Emathius, and a mountain. Κάϋστρος, a river, so called because it has the burnt land nearby; and there is also Κάϋστρος, son of Penthesileia the Amazon, who at Ascalon married Derceto and by her had Semiramis, who also built the walls of Babylon. Τέγεστρος, from whom Τέγεστρα, a city of Illyria.
And the Οἰνωτρός is an ethnos homophonous with its founder, like Ἰταλός and Ἴων and Κίλιξ. Likewise Καλαβρός, the settler of Calabria, as Cantabria has Κανταβρός. But Polybius in book 16 accents Ἴνσοβρος, an Italian ethnos, with a grave.
Disyllables in -σος with two short syllables are accented with a grave: Θάσος, an island near Thrace, from Thasos. Κάσος, son of Cleochus, and from him one of the Cyclades: «οἱ δ’ ἄρα Νίσυρόν τ’ εἶχον Κράπαθόν τε Κάσον τε» (Β 676). There is also another city of Persis. Ἄσος, a small town of Crete. Also: νόσος, δρόσος, πίσος (the pulse), μέσος, ἴσος, πόσος, ὅσος, τόσος.