Accentuation and gender of disyllabic -σος words, especially place-names and ethnics, with examples and Homeric citations.
Τὰ εἰς 'σος' δισύλλαβα τῷ 'η' παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται, νῆσος καὶ Νῆσος πόλις Ἰβηρική. πεπλάνηται δὲ νῆσος παρὰ τὸ γένος. τὰ γὰρ ἄλλα ἀρσενικά ἐστιν. Βῆσος, Μνῆσος, Ῥῆσος, Κτῆσος, Θῆσος, Δρῆσος, Κῆσος ὄνομα ποταμοῦ. Τὰ εἰς 'σος' θηλυκὰ δισύλλαβα τῷ 'ω' παραληγόμενα ὀξύνεται, κρωσός ἡ ὑδρία, Κνωσός «οἳ Κνωσόν τ´ εἶχον» (Β 646) δι´ ἑνὸς 'σ', Τρύφων δὲ διὰ δύο. Ῥωσός πόλις Κιλικίας. τὸ μέντοι Σῶσος ἀπὸ τοῦ σώσω βαρύνεται, καὶ τὸ Κρῶσος ὁμοίως ἀρσενικόν. Τὰ εἰς 'σος' δισύλλαβα ἀρσενικὰ μονογενῆ παραληγόμενα διχρόνῳ ἐκτεταμένῳ βαρύνεται, Ἶσος τὸ κύριον, Κῖσος, Κρῖσος τὸ κύριον, Πῖσος τὸ κύριον, ἀφ´ οὗ καὶ Πῖσα ἡ πόλις. Νῖσος ὁ Πανδίονος, ἀφ´ οὗ Νίσαια. Νῦσος ποταμός, Τρῦσος ποταμός, κῦσος. τὸ δὲ Λισός πολίχνιον Κρήτης ὀξύνεται καὶ τὸ Βρυσός ὁ λιμὴν καὶ τὸ Μυσός ἐθνικὸν καὶ τὸ τρυσός, ῥυσός ἐπίθετα καὶ τὸ χρυσός μόνον εἰς 'υσος' δισύλλαβον προσηγορικόν. Τὰ εἰς 'σος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα διφθόγγῳ ὀξύνεται, ὅτε ἐπιθετικὰ εἴη ἢ ἐπὶ πόλεως κεῖται. Παισός πόλις κατὰ τὴν Τρῳάδα. Ὅμηρος «ὅς ῥ´ ἐνὶ Παισῷ ναῖε πολυκτήμων» (Il. Ε 612), ἐν ἑτέροις δὲ «δῆμον Ἀπαισοῦ» (Il. Β 828). Παισὸς δὲ εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ τὴν Ἀργὼ προσορμίζουσαν ἐκεῖσε παῖσαι καὶ προσεγγίσαι. Παισός καὶ ἐν πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'α' Ἀπαισός ὥσπερ Ἄταρνα πόλις καὶ Τάρνα. Ὅμηρος «ὃς ἐκ Τάρνης ἐριβώλακος» (Il. Ε 44). ἔστι καὶ Δαυνίας πόλις Παισός κατ´ Ἀργύριππα. Λουσός καὶ Λουσοί πόλις Ἀρκαδίας, ὅπου Μελάμπους ἔλουσε τὰς Προίτου θυγατέρας καὶ ἔπαυσε τῆς μανίας. λέγεται δὲ καὶ Λοῦσα οὐδετέρως. Πραισός πόλις. Μαυσός κώμη Κορίνθου. Θεόπομπος τριακοστῷ δευτέρῳ. καὶ τὰ ἐπιθετικὰ δέ,
Disyllables in -σος with η in the penult are barytone: νῆσος, and Νῆσος, an Iberian city. But νῆσος is exceptional with respect to gender; for the others are masculine: Βῆσος, Μνῆσος, Ῥῆσος, Κτῆσος, Θῆσος, Δρῆσος, Κῆσος, the name of a river. Disyllabic feminines in -σος with ω in the penult are oxytone: κρωσός, “the water-jar,” Κνωσός, “who held Κνωσόν” (Β 646), with one σ, though Tryphon writes it with two; Ῥωσός, a city of Cilicia. However, Σῶσος, from σώσω, is barytone, and likewise Κρῶσος, masculine. Disyllabic masculine monogender nouns in -σος with a long diphthongal penult are barytone: Ἶσος, the proper name; Κῖσος; Κρῖσος, the proper name; Πῖσος, the proper name, from which also Πῖσα, the city; Νῖσος, son of Pandion, from whom Νίσαια; Νῦσος, a river; Τρῦσος, a river; κῦσος. But Λισός, a small town of Crete, is oxytone, as are Βρυσός, the harbor, and Μυσός, an ethnic, and τρυσός, ῥυσός as adjectives, and χρυσός, the only appellative disyllable in -υσος. Disyllables in -σος with a diphthong in the penult are oxytone when they are adjectival or denote a city: Παισός, a city in the Troad. Homer: “who dwelt in Παισῷ, rich in possessions” (Il. Ε 612), and elsewhere “the people of Ἀπαισοῦ” (Il. Β 828). Παισός is said to be from the fact that the Argo, putting in there, struck (παῖσαι) and came close. Παισός, and with addition of α, Ἀπαισός, just as Ἄταρνα, a city, and Τάρνα. Homer: “who was from Τάρνη of the rich-soiled land” (Il. Ε 44). There is also in Daunia a city Παισός near Ἀργύριππα. Λουσός and Λουσοί, a city of Arcadia, where Melampus bathed the daughters of Proetus and stopped their madness; it is also said as Λοῦσα in the neuter. Πραισός, a city. Μαυσός, a village of Corinth. Theopompus in the thirty-second book. And the adjectival ones too,