Discussion of Greek place-names and ethnics ending in -σος/-σσος, phonological notes on accentuation and consonant doubling (Aeolic forms), with examples (Σολογορσός, Ἀσσός, Βυσσός, Ἰσσός, etc.) and general remarks on weight and accent rules.
Σκυθικόν, περὶ οὗ Στράβων ἑνδεκάτῃ. τὸ δὲ Σολογορσός πόλις Ἀρκαδίας ὀξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'σος' δισύλλαβα ἔχοντα καὶ ἕτερον 'σ' κλιτικὸν ἐν τῇ πρὸ τέλους συλλαβῇ μὴ κατὰ πάθος ὀξύνεται, Βεσσός τὸ ἐθνικόν, Θυσσός, Ἀσσός πόλις Λυδίας. δευτέρᾳ πόλις Αἰολίδος κατὰ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἢ Κεκρόπειον. Ἀλέξανδρος δ´ ὁ Κορνήλιος ἐν τῷ περὶ τῶν παρ´ Ἀλκμᾶνι τοπικῶς ἱστορουμένων Μιτυληναίων ἄποικον ἐν τῇ Μυσίᾳ φησὶν Ἀσσόν, ὅπου ὁ σαρκοφάγος γίνεται λίθος. ἔστι καὶ λειμὼν ἐν τῷ Κιλβιανῷ πεδίῳ τῆς Λυδίας περὶ τὸν Κάϋστρον ποταμόν. ἔστι καὶ ἑτέρα πόλις ἐν Ἠπείρῳ μικρά. Ἠσσός πόλις Λοκρίδος. Ψησσός ἔθνος τῆς Ταυρινίας. Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν δευτέρῳ περὶ γῆς «ἔπειτα δ´ Ἑρμώνασσα καὶ Κῆπος πόλις, τρίτον δὲ τὸ Ψησσῶν ἔθνος». Τνυσσός πόλις Καρίας. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ. Βυσσός τὸ ἐθνικὸν καὶ ἡ νῆσος καὶ βυσσός ὁ βυθός, πεσσός. Ἰσσός πόλις μεταξὺ Συρίας καὶ Κιλικίας. δισσός, τρισσός, λισσός, κισσός. τὸ δὲ Κίσσος τὸ κύριον βαρύνεται. ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ βύσσος τὸ θηλυκὸν προσηγορικὸν ἀφ´ οὗ καὶ βύσσινον, καὶ Νέσσος ἐπὶ τοῦ Κενταύρου καὶ Λίσσος πόλις Ἰλλυρίας· τὸ γὰρ γλωσσός ὁ λάλος παρὰ τὸ γλῶσσα γέγονε παρωνύμως. τὸ δὲ κάσσος ἀπὸ τοῦ κάσος γίνεται κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ 'σ'. ἔστι δὲ εἶδος ἱματίου οὕτω καλουμένου. ὡσαύτως καὶ μέσσος καὶ τόσσος. τὸ δὲ ὄσσος—λέγεται δὲ καθάπερ ὁ σκότος καὶ τὸ σκότος ἐν ὁμοίᾳ καταλήξει καὶ ὁ ἔλεγχος καὶ τὸ ἔλεγχος, οὕτω καὶ ὁ ὄσσος καὶ τὸ ὄσσος—βαρύνεται οὐ μόνον καθότι Αἰολικὸν δοκεῖ εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅτι τὰ εἰς 'ος' μονογενῆ δισύλλαβα τῷ 'ο' παραληγόμενα καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἀρχόμενα καὶ ἔχοντα δὴ τὸ αὐτὸ σύμφωνον βαρύνεται, κόννος, ὄρρος, κόκκος, κόττος. οὕτως ἄρα καὶ ὄσσος. εἴρηται μονογενῆ διὰ τὸ πολλός. μάχεται τῷ κανόνι τὸ κομμός. θαυμαστὸν δὲ οὐδὲν εἴπερ τὰ εἰς 'ος' λήγοντα τῷ 'ο' παραληγόμενα φιλεῖ ἓν ἔχειν τὸ 'σ' εἰ μὴ κατὰ πάθος διπλοῦται ὡς τὸ τόσσος. τοῦτο δὲ μόνον ἔσχε δισσὸν αὐτό.
Scythic, concerning which Strabo in the eleventh book. But Σολογορσός, a city of Arcadia, is accented with an acute. Disyllables in -σος that also have another, inflectional, σ in the syllable before the last are accented with an acute, not by affection: Βεσσός, the ethnic name; Θυσσός; Ἀσσός, a city of Lydia; and Δευτέρα, a city of Aeolis on the Hellespont, or Κεκρόπειον. Alexander Cornelius, in the fourth book of his work On the Mytilenaeans locally recorded in Alcman, says that Ἀσσός is a colony in Mysia, where the sarcophagus-stone is produced. There is also a meadow in the Kilbian plain of Lydia near the river Cayster. There is also another small city in Epirus. Ἠσσός, a city of Locris. Ψησσός, a people of Taurinia. Apollodorus in the second book On the Earth: “then Hermonassa and the city Cēpos, and third the people of the Ψησσοί.” Τνυσσός, a city of Caria; Hecataeus in Asia. Βυσσός, the ethnic name, and the island; and βυσσός ‘depth’; πεσσός. Ἰσσός, a city between Syria and Cilicia. δισσός, τρισσός, λισσός, κισσός. But Κίσσος, the proper name, is accented with a grave. Likewise also βύσσος, the feminine appellative, from which also βύσσινον; and Νέσσος of the Centaur; and Λίσσος, a city of Illyria—for γλωσσός ‘talkative’ has come to be paronymous from γλῶσσα. And κάσσος is formed from κάσος by addition of σ. There is also a kind of garment so called. Likewise also μέσσος and τόσσος. But ὄσσος—said, just as ὁ σκότος and τὸ σκότος with the same ending, and ὁ ἔλεγχος and τὸ ἔλεγχος, so also ὁ ὄσσος and τὸ ὄσσος—is accented with a grave not only because it seems to be Aeolic, but also because disyllabic, single-gender words in -ος with ο in the penult, beginning with it, and indeed having the same consonant, are accented with a grave: κόννος, ὄρρος, κόκκος, κόττος. Thus then ὄσσος as well. It was said ‘single-gender’ because of πολλός. κομμός conflicts with the rule. But it is nothing surprising if words ending in -ος with ο in the penult tend to have a single σ unless it is doubled by affection, as τόσσος. But this alone had it doubled of itself.