Discussion of Greek place and ethnic names, patronymics, and morphological/phonological changes (diphthong and vowel shifts: 'o'→'e', 'αι'→'η'), syllable weight and accentuation, with examples and citations.
γενικῆς ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ κάλυκος ἡ Καλύκη καὶ τῆς χιτῶνος ἡ Χιτώνη καὶ ἡγεμόνος Ἡγεμόνη. Ἑρμιών δὲ ἐλέγετο ἀπὸ τοῦ τὸν Δία καὶ τὴν Ἥραν ἐνταῦθα ἀπὸ Κρήτης ἀφικομένους ὁρμισθῆναι καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ 'ο' εἰς 'ε', ὅθεν καὶ ἱερὸν Ἥρας παρθένου ἦν ἐν αὐτῇ· Μεδιών πόλις πρὸς τῇ Αἰτωλίᾳ· Πολύβιος ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ. Αὐενιών πόλις Μασσαλίας πρὸς τῷ Ῥοδανῷ, Καβελλιών πόλις Μασσαλίας. Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἐν πρώτῃ γεωγραφουμένων. Κορουιών πόλις Αἰκανῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ. Διονύσιος ιʹ Ῥωμαϊκῆς ἀρχαιολογίας (c. 24). Ἰβιών πόλις ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, μᾶλλον δὲ νῆσος. Τὰ εἰς 'ων' πατρωνυμικὰ καὶ ἐθνικὰ τῇ 'ει' διφθόγγῳ παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται, Ἀτρείων, Πηλείων, Ἀργείων, Καδμείων, Βακχείων, Ἡρακλείων, Χαρικλείων. * Τὰ εἰς 'αιων' δισύλλαβα βαρύνεται, Μαίων τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμωνύμως τῷ κτιστῇ καὶ ποταμὸς περὶ τὴν Ἀσιάδα γῆν ῥέων· καὶ τροπῇ τῆς 'αι' διφθόγγου εἰς 'η' Μήων· Μήονες δὲ ἐκαλοῦντο οἱ Λυδοὶ τὸ παλαιόν, εἶτα Λυδοὶ ἀπὸ Λυδοῦ τοῦ Ἄτυος· τὸ δὲ αἰών ὄνομα χρόνου ὀξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'αιων' ὑπερδισύλλαβα, εἰ μὴ εἴη ὀνόματα μηνῶν ἢ ποταμῶν ἢ περιεκτικά, βαρύνονται οἷον Εὐφραίων, Αἰγαίων, Ἀκταίων,
From the genitive, as Καλύκη from κάλυξ, and Χιτώνη from χιτών, and Ἡγεμόνη from ἡγεμών. Ἑρμιών, however, was said to be from the fact that Zeus and Hera, arriving there from Crete, put in to harbor, with a change of ο to ε; whence also there was in it a sanctuary of Hera the Virgin. Μεδιών is a city near Aetolia; Polybius in the eighteenth book. Αὐενιών is a city of Massalia by the Rhone; Καβελλιών a city of Massalia. Artemidorus in the first book of the Geographoumena. Κορουιών is a city of the Aecani in Italy. Dionysius, Roman Antiquities, book 10 (c. 24). Ἰβιών is a city in Egypt, or rather an island. Patronymics and ethnics in -ων with the penult in the diphthong ει are barytone: Ἀτρείων, Πηλείων, Ἀργείων, Καδμείων, Βακχείων, Ἡρακλείων, Χαρικλείων. Disyllables in -αιων are barytone: Μαίων, the ethnic, homonymous with the founder, and also a river flowing through the Asiatic land; and with a change of the diphthong αι to η, Μήων; and the Lydians were formerly called Μήονες, then Λυδοί from Lydus son of Atys; but the word αἰών, a name of time, is oxytone. Polysyllables in -αιων, unless they are names of months or rivers or collective terms, are barytone, as Εὐφραίων, Αἰγαίων, Ἀκταίων.