Analysis of Greek words ending in -τος discussing accentuation rules (disyllabic forms, vowel length, σ-loss), formation parallels, and examples including place-names and ethnics (e.g., Μύρτος, Κύρτος, Σπαρτός, Σιντός).
βατός, φατός, θετός, δετός, ἐτός ὁ ἀληθής ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰμί, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ ὑπάρχω. πλυτός. τὸ δὲ τρίτος ἐπὶ ἀριθμοῦ. Τὰ εἰς 'τος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα 'ι' μακρῷ βαρύνεται, σῖτος— ὥσπερ παρὰ τὸ ἐργάζομαι γίνεται ἐργαστής καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ 'σ' ἐργάτης βαρυνόμενον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσποστής δεσπότης, οἰστός οἶτος, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ σέσεισται σειστός ἀποβολῇ τοῦ 'σ' καὶ 'ε' σῖτος—Τρῖτος ὁ ποταμός, ῥῖτος φρέαρ, τὸ μέντοι λιτός τριγενές. Τὰ εἰς 'τος' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'υ' προσηγορικὰ ὀξύνεται, βρυτός ὁ βρύων, χυτός, ῥυτός, λυτός, κλυτός, πλυτός, τρυτός. τὸ δὲ Βύτος κύριον βαρύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'τος' δισύλλαβα ἔχοντα τὴν πρὸ τέλους συλλαβὴν εἰς 'ρ' καταλήγουσαν ἢ καθ´ ὅλου εἰς ἀμετάβολον βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἐπιθετικὰ εἴη ἔχοντα θηλυκόν, φόρτος, χόρτος, μύρτος καὶ Μύρτος ἡ πόλις, ἄρτος, μίλτος, δέλτος, κίρτος· παρὰ Σιμωνίδῃ ἡ χρῆσις. Τοῦρτος· οὕτως καλεῖ Ἀρτεμίδωρος τοὺς οἰκήτορας τῆς Τουρδητανίας. Ἄλτος χωρίον πλησίον Θεσσαλονίκης. Πάλτος πόλις Συρίας. Ἀρτεμίδωρος. πόντος καὶ ἰδικῶς ὁ Εὔξεινος. Κύρτος πόλις Αἰγύπτου ἐν τῷ μεσογείῳ. καὶ κύρτος εἶδος δικτύου. σεσημείωται κοντός καὶ παλτός ὀξυνόμενα. τὸ δὲ σπαρτός, κυρτός, καρτός, θικτός ὀξύνονται ὡς θηλυκὰ ἔχοντα. ὀξύνεται δὲ καὶ Κυρτός τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὡς καὶ Σιντός ἔθνος Θρᾳκικόν, οἳ καὶ Σίντιες καὶ Σίντιοι ἐκαλοῦντο, καὶ Κελτός, οὓς Κέλτας Στράβων φησί. καὶ τὸ Σπαρτός—υἱὸς Ἀμύκλαντος τοῦ Λέλεγος καὶ Σπαρτοί οἱ μετὰ Κάδμου—κύριον ὀξύνεται.
βατός, φατός, θετός, δετός, ἐτός, the genuine one from εἰμί, which signifies ὑπάρχω. πλυτός. But τρίτος is used of a number.
The disyllables in -τος with a long ι in the penult are barytone: σῖτος—just as from ἐργάζομαι there arises ἐργαστής, and by dropping the σ, ἐργάτης, barytone; and from δεσποστής, δεσπότης; οἰστός, οἶτος; so also from σέσεισται, σειστός, by dropping σ and ε, σῖτος. Τρῖτος is a river; ῥῖτος, a well; but λιτός is of three genders.
The disyllables in -τος with υ in the penult, when appellatives, are oxytone: βρυτός, “the one that swells,” χυτός, ῥυτός, λυτός, κλυτός, πλυτός, τρυτός. But Βύτος, a proper name, is barytone.
The disyllables in -τος whose syllable before the end ends in ρ, or in general in an indeclinable consonant, are barytone, unless they are adjectives having a feminine: φόρτος, χόρτος, μύρτος—and Μύρτος, the city—ἄρτος, μίλτος, δέλτος, κίρτος; in Simonides this usage occurs. Τοῦρτος: thus Artemidorus calls the inhabitants of Turdetania. Ἄλτος, a place near Thessalonica. Πάλτος, a city of Syria. Artemidorus. πόντος, and specifically the Euxine. Κύρτος, a city of Egypt in the interior; and κύρτος, a kind of net.
It is noted that κοντός and παλτός are oxytone. But σπαρτός, κυρτός, καρτός, θικτός are oxytone, as having feminines. Κυρτός, the ethnic, is also oxytone, as also Σιντός, a Thracian people, who were also called Σίντιες and Σίντιοι, and Κελτός, whom Strabo says are called Κέλτας. And Σπαρτός—son of Ἀμύκλας son of Λέλεγος, and the Σπαρτοί who were with Cadmus—is a proper name and is oxytone.