Discussion of Greek words and names with endings in -χος and -ψος, accentuation patterns (proparoxytone vs others), morphological alternations, and examples including place-names and ethnics (e.g., τροχός, Βώταχος, Σημαχος, Μόψος).
ἀλλ´ οἷδε παῖδες ἐκ τρόχων πεπαυμένοι στείχουσι, μητρὸς οὐδὲν ἐννοούμενοι κακῶν. τροχός δὲ ὁ κύκλος, βρόχος, ἦχος, Τρῆχος ὄνομα κύριον, στίχος, τύχος, τοῖχος, βρῦχος ὁ κῆρυξ, δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ὄνομα τόπου. σεσημείωται τὸ μυχός ὁ ἐνδότερος τόπος. τὸ δὲ μοιχός, πτωχός, ἀρχός ἐπιθετικὰ ὄντα ὀξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'χος' ὑπερδισύλλαβα προπαροξύνεται, στόμαχος, βάτραχος, Βώταχος. Νικόλαος εʹ «Ἰοκρίτου δὲ τοῦ Λυκούργου Βώταχος, ἀφ´ οὗ ὁ τόπος Βωταχίδαι ἐν Τεγέᾳ ἐκλήθη». Ἴναχος ὁ ποταμός, Σήμαχος, ᾧ καὶ ταῖς θυγατράσιν ἐπεξενώθη Διόνυσος, ἀφ´ οὗ Σημαχίδαι δῆμος Ἀττικῆς. Σωτήριχος, μείλιχος, Ἰάμβλιχος, τάριχος, τοῦτο ἑκατέρως λέγεται καὶ τὸ τάριχος καὶ ὁ τάριχος. Ἀριστοφάνης «ἐπὶ τῷ ταρίχει τὸν γέλωτα κατέδομαι». ὁ αὐτός «τάριχον τοιοῦτον πλύνω». Κλέοχος, Τάοχος ἔθνος ἐνδοτέρω τοῦ Πόντου. τούτους τινὲς Τάους καλοῦσιν, ὡς Σοφαίνετος ἐν τῇ ἀναβάσει φησίν. Ἀμφίλοχος ὁ Ἀμφιαράου, ἀφ´ οὗ Ἀμφίλοχοι πόλις Ἀκαρνανίας καὶ οἱ πολῖται ὁμοφώνως, Γόρδοχος ἔθνος Περσικὸν ὃ καὶ Γορδιαῖος καὶ Γόρδος καλεῖται. ἥσυχος, βότρυχος, βόστρυχος, Μόρυχος, Μόνυχος, ἀφ´ οὗ Μουνυχία, Μόλορχος, ἀφ´ οὗ Μολορχία πόλις Νεμέας. Ὀξύρυγχος πόλις Αἰγύπτου τιμῶσα τὸν ὁμώνυμον ἰχθῦν. δόλιχος τὸ ὄσπριον, δολιχός δὲ ὁ μακρός. τὸ δὲ μοναχός ὀξύνεται. καὶ ὀξύνεται δὲ τὸ Ἀρρηχός ἔθνος Μαιωτῶν. Στράβων ἑνδεκάτῃ, τὸ δὲ Καρδοῦχος προπερισπᾶται. ἔστι δὲ ἔθνος Μηδίας, ὡς Ξενοφῶν ἐν ἀναβάσεως τρίτῃ ( 5, 15) «ἐς Καρδούχους ἄγοι. τούτους δ´ ἔφασαν οἰκεῖν ἀνὰ τὰ ὄρη καὶ πολεμικοὺς εἶναι καὶ βασιλέως οὐκ ἀκούειν». καὶ Σοφαίνετος ἐν Κύρου ἀναβάσει φησὶ περὶ αὐτῶν. Τὰ εἰς 'ψος' δισύλλαβα μὴ ἐπιθετικὰ βαρύνεται, Μόψος, γύψος, Τίψος ἡ πόλις, Μίψος τὸ ἔθνος, θάψος εἶδος ξύλου, Θάψος πόλις Λιβύης Στράβων ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳ. ἔστι καὶ Σικελίας. ἔστι δὲ χερσόνησος ἐν στενῷ ἰσθμῷ, ὡς Θουκυδίδης ( 6, 97). Λάμψος παῖς Κοδρίδου καὶ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ μοῖρα τῆς Κλαζομενίων χώρας, ὡς Ἔφορος
But these children, having ceased from their tops, go on their way, taking no thought at all of their mother’s troubles. Now τροχός is “wheel”; likewise βρόχος, ἦχος, Τρῆχος (a proper name), στίχος, τύχος, τοῖχος, βρῦχος “the herald”; it also denotes a place-name. Marked is μυχός, “the innermost place.” But μοιχός, πτωχός, ἀρχός, being adjectival, are accented with an acute. The words in -χος, when more than disyllabic, are accented with a proparoxytone: στόμαχος, βάτραχος, Βώταχος. Nicolaus, book 5: “And Βώταχος was (son) of Iocritus son of Lycurgus, from whom the place in Tegea was called Βωταχίδαι.” Ἴναχος the river; Σήμαχος, to whom Dionysus also was joined in marriage with his daughters, from whom the deme of Attica (is called) Σημαχίδαι. Σωτήριχος, μείλιχος, Ἰάμβλιχος, τάριχος: this is said in either way, both τὸ τάριχος and ὁ τάριχος. Aristophanes: “Over the τάριχος I have eaten up the laughter.” The same: “I wash such τάριχον.” Κλέοχος; Τάοχος, a people inland from Pontus. Some call these Τάοι, as Sophainetus says in the Anabasis. Ἀμφίλοχος, son of Amphiaraus, from whom (come) Ἀμφίλοχοι, a city of Acarnania, and the citizens likewise; Γόρδοχος, a Persian people, which is also called Γορδιαῖος and Γόρδος. ἥσυχος, βότρυχος, βόστρυχος, Μόρυχος, Μόνυχος, from whom Μουνυχία; Μόλορχος, from whom Μολορχία, a city of Nemea. Ὀξύρυγχος, a city of Egypt honoring the fish of the same name. δόλιχος is the pulse; but δολιχός is “long.” μοναχός is accented with an acute. And Ἀρρηχός, a people of the Maeotae, is also accented with an acute. Strabo, book 11; but Καρδοῦχος is accented with a circumflex on the penult. It is a people of Media, as Xenophon in the third book of the Anabasis (5, 15): “he would lead (them) into the Καρδοῦχοι. And they said that these dwell along the mountains and are warlike and do not obey the king.” Sophainetus too in the Anabasis of Cyrus speaks about them. The disyllables in -ψος, when not adjectival, are accented with a grave: Μόψος, γύψος, Τίψος the city, Μίψος the people, θάψος a kind of wood, Θάψος a city of Libya—Strabo in book 17. There is also (a Θάψος) of Sicily. And it is a peninsula on a narrow isthmus, as Thucydides (6, 97). Λάμψος, son of Codridus, and from him a district of the territory of the Clazomenians, as Ephorus (says).