Discussion of Bosporus and other place-names and etymologies, followed by extensive rules on Greek accentuation (paroxytone vs. proparoxytone), formation of adjectives and compounds, treatment of disyllables and polysyllables, examples from Aeschylus and Aristophanes, and notes on ethnics and tonal preservation.
ἀπὸ Ἕλλης. πόρος Βόσπορος πόλις Πόντου κατὰ τὸν Κιμμέριον κόλπον ὡς Φίλων καὶ πορθμὸς ὁμώνυμος, ἀπὸ Ἰοῦς τῆς Ἰνάχου καλούμενος, καθὼς Αἰσχύλος ἐν Προμηθεῖ δεσμώτῃ γράφει ἔσται δὲ θνητοῖς εἰσαεὶ λόγος μέγας τῆς σῆς πορείας, Βόσπορος δ´ ἐπώνυμος κεκλήσεται. ἔστι καὶ ἄλλη τῆς Ἰνδικῆς. ὅρμος Πάνορμος πόλις Σικελίας καὶ λιμήν, ὡς Πολύβιος· ἔστι καὶ λιμὴν Κυζίκου· φίλος Δίφιλος. τὸ δὲ ὀστολόγος καὶ οἰκονόμος οὐ παρὰ τὸ λόγος καὶ νόμος, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὸ λέγω καὶ νέμω. ὅσα δὲ ὑπερδισύλλαβα παροξύνονται, ἐν τῇ συνθέσει προπαροξύνονται, ποικίλος παμποίκιλος, ἀγκύλος μεσάγκυλος, πλησίος παραπλήσιος, αἰόλος παναίολος. τὸ δὲ «κορυθαιόλος Ἕκτωρ» (e. g. Γ 83) οὐκ ἀπὸ ὀνόματος, ἀλλ´ ἀπὸ ῥήματος. τὸ μέντοι ἱπποβουκόλος διὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν παροξύνεται καὶ ὅτι ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥήματος καὶ αὐτό. τὸ δὲ ἐναντίος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀντίος παρέλκον ἔχει τὸ 'εν'. Τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'ος' δισυλλάβων προπερισπωμένων προπαροξύνεται, ζῆλος ἀρίζηλος, δοῦλος σύνδουλος, δοῦπος ἐρίγδουπος. σεσημείωται τὸ οἰκουρός καὶ κηπουρός. ἔτι τὰ ὑπερδισύλλαβα Ῥωμαῖος φιλορώμαιος, Ἀθηναῖος φιλαθήναιος. Τὰ ἀπὸ ὀξυτόνων προπαροξύνονται, δμητός ἄδμητος, κτητός δορίκτητος, κακός ἄκακος, σοφός ἄσοφος, ποιητός δημοποίητος, ἐλατός δημήλατος. Αἰσχύλος Ἱκετίσιν (v. 614) «ἄτιμον εἶναι ξὺν φήμῃ δημηλάτῳ». πρατός δημιόπρατος. Ἀριστοφάνης Ἱππεῦσιν (v. 103) «ἐπίπαστα λείξας δημιόπραθ´ ὁ βάσκανος». βοτός ἱππόβοτος, φατός Ἀρηΐφατος «αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσι» (Τ 31), βατός ἄμβατος. «ἔνθα μάλιστα ἄμβατός ἐστι πόλις» (Ζ 434). χωρὶς τῶν ἐπὶ ἐθνικῶν λαμβανομένων, Ἀχαιός φιλαχαιός, Βοιωτός φιλοβοιωτός καὶ χωρὶς εἰ μὴ διὰ σημασίαν τινὰ φυλαχθῇ ἐν τῇ συνθέσει ἡ ὀξεῖα τάσις ὡς τὸ βροτολοιγός, ἵνα φυλαχθῇ ἡ ἐνέργεια. βροτολοιγός γάρ ἐστιν ὁ φθείρων τοὺς ἄνδρας. τούτου χάριν καὶ ὁ τόνος ἐφυλάχθη. εἰ γὰρ προπαρωξύνετο, ἤμελλε παρέχειν ἐπίστασιν, ὅτι πάθος ἐστίν. ὁμοίως καὶ τὸ ἀθηρηλοιγός.
From Helle. Bosporus: a city of Pontus on the Cimmerian gulf, according to Philo; and a strait of the same name, so called from Io daughter of Inachus, as Aeschylus writes in Prometheus Bound: “And for mortals there shall ever be a great tale of thy passage, and it shall be called Bosporus, named after thee.” There is also another in India. Panormus: a harbor; Panormus: a city of Sicily and a harbor, as Polybius says; there is also a harbor of Cyzicus. Diphilus: dear, Diphilus.
But ὀστολόγος and οἰκονόμος are not from λόγος and νόμος, but from λέγω and νέμω. And whatever words of more than two syllables are accented on the penult are, in composition, accented on the antepenult: ποικίλος, παμποίκιλος; ἀγκύλος, μεσάγκυλος; πλησίος, παραπλήσιος; αἰόλος, παναίολος. But “κορυθαιόλος Ἕκτωρ” (e. g. Γ 83) is not from a noun but from a verb. ἱπποβουκόλος, however, is accented on the penult because of its active force and because it too is from a verb. And ἐναντίος, from ἀντίος, has the 'εν' as an added element.
Compounds formed from disyllables in -ος with circumflex on the penult are accented on the antepenult: ζῆλος, ἀρίζηλος; δοῦλος, σύνδουλος; δοῦπος, ἐρίγδουπος. οἰκουρός and κηπουρός are noted as exceptions. Further, the polysyllables Ῥωμαῖος, φιλορώμαιος; Ἀθηναῖος, φιλαθήναιος.
Compounds formed from oxytone words are accented on the antepenult: δμητός, ἄδμητος; κτητός, δορίκτητος; κακός, ἄκακος; σοφός, ἄσοφος; ποιητός, δημοποίητος; ἐλατός, δημήλατος. Aeschylus in the Suppliants (v. 614): “to be dishonored with report as one driven by the people.” πρατός, δημιόπρατος. Aristophanes in the Knights (v. 103): “having licked up the sprinkled meal, the malignant fellow, a hireling of the people.” βοτός, ἱππόβοτος; φατός, Ἀρηΐφατος: “who devour men slain by Ares” (Τ 31); βατός, ἄμβατος: “where the city is most of all impassable” (Ζ 434).
Apart from those taken with ethnics—Ἀχαιός, φιλαχαιός; Βοιωτός, φιλοβοιωτός—and apart from cases where, because of some meaning, the acute accent is preserved in composition, as in βροτολοιγός, in order that the active force may be preserved. For βροτολοιγός is “one who destroys men.” For this reason the accent too was preserved; for if it were accented on the antepenult, it would have suggested that it is a state, since it is an affection. Likewise also ἀθηρηλοιγός.