Discussion of accentuation in Greek compounds: contrast between paroxytone and proparoxytone forms in compounds derived from verbs indicating action (energeia) versus result/state; examples (λιθοβόλος/λιθόβολος, καράτομος/καρατόμος, πρωτοτόκος/πρωτότοκος) and a list of compounds from verbs; also brief note on words ending in -υς and -ως.
ὥστε διαφέρειν τὸ λιθοβόλος τοῦ λιθόβολος καὶ τὸ καρατόμος τοῦ καράτομος. τὸ μὲν γὰρ παροξυνόμενον σημαίνει τὸν τὰς κάρας τέμνοντα οἷον ἐπὶ δημίου, τὸ δὲ προπαροξυνόμενον τὸν τὴν κάραν τμηθέντα, ὡς ἡ μὲν Γοργώ λέγεται καράτομος ὡς ἀποτμηθεῖσα τὴν κεφαλήν, ὁ δὲ Περσεύς καρατόμος ὁ τῆς Γοργοῦς τὴν κεφαλὴν τεμών. ὡσαύτως τὸ πρωτοτόκος ἐστὶ δραστικόν, τὸ δὲ πρωτότοκος δηλοῖ τὴν πρώτως τεχθεῖσαν. οὕτως οὖν παροξύνονται τὸ σκυτοτόμος, μιαιφόνος, τοιχωρύχος, πατροκτόνος, οἰκονόμος, μογοστόκος, θεοτόκος, ξεινοδόκος, ἰηδόκος συντεθειμένα ἀπὸ τοῦ τέμνω, φονεύω, ὀρύσσω, κτείνω, νέμω, τίκτω, δέχομαι ἐπὶ ἐνεργείας τιθέμενα. ἔφαμεν δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα τῶν συνθέτων ἐνέργειαν ὑπισχνούμενα παροξύνεσθαι, εἰ μὴ κανόνες τινὲς κωλύοιεν. εἰσὶ γάρ τινες κανόνες, καθ´ οὓς κἂν ἐνέργεια σημαίνηται, πάντως προπαροξύνεσθαι δεῖ οἷον τὸ πρωτόπλοος προπαροξύνεται, ἐπειδὴ οὕτως ἐμελέτησε τὰ παρὰ τὸ πλέω, καὶ τὸ πολύλαλος, ἐπεὶ τὰ παρὰ τὸ πολύ συντεθειμένα προπαροξύνεσθαι θέλει. μάχεται μέντοι ἄντικρυς τὸ «ὄρνυσθ´ ἱππόδαμοι Τρῶες» (Il. Δ 509). ἐνεργητικὸν γὰρ ὂν καὶ μὴ ὑποπῖπτον κανόνι τῷ προπαροξυτονοῦντι προπαρωξυτονήθη. {1ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΙΣ 'υς' ΛΗΓΟΝΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΧΟΝΤΩΝ ΔΙΦΘΟΓΓΟΥΣ ΠΡΟ ΤΟΥ 'ς'· ΕΤΙ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΙΣ 'ως' ΚΑΙ ΕΙΣ 'ψ'. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ ιʹ}1 Τὰ εἰς 'υς' δισύλλαβα κύρια ἢ προσηγορικὰ ἢ ἐθνικὰ βαρύνεται, Λίβυς κύριον, τὸ δὲ ἐθνικὸν ὁμοφωνεῖ, ἔστι δὲ τριγενὲς Λίβυς Λίβυσσα
so that λιθοβόλος differs from λιθόβολος, and καρατόμος from καρᾱ́τομος. For the one accented on the penult signifies the man who cuts off heads, as in the case of an executioner; but the one accented on the antepenult signifies the man whose head has been cut off, as Γοργώ is called καρᾱ́τομος, as having had her head cut off, whereas Perseus is καρατόμος, the one who cut off the Gorgon’s head. Likewise πρωτοτόκος is active, but πρωτότοκος denotes the one first born. Thus, then, σκυτοτόμος, μιαιφόνος, τοιχωρύχος, πατροκτόνος, οἰκονόμος, μογοστόκος, θεοτόκος, ξεινοδόκος, ἰηδόκος—compounds from τέμνω, φονεύω, ὀρύσσω, κτείνω, νέμω, τίκτω, δέχομαι—are accented on the penult, being applied with reference to an activity. And we said that such compounds, when they promise an activity, are accented on the penult, unless certain rules should prevent it. For there are certain rules according to which, even if an activity is signified, it is in every case necessary to accent on the antepenult; for example πρωτόπλοος is accented on the antepenult, because the words derived from πλέω have been practiced thus; and πολύλαλος, since compounds formed with πολύ wish to be accented on the antepenult. Yet directly opposed is “ὄρνυσθ᾽ ἱππόδαμοι Τρῶες” (Il. Δ 509). For, though it is active and does not fall under the rule that accents on the antepenult, it has been accented on the antepenult. {1ON WORDS ENDING IN ‘υς’ AND ON THOSE HAVING DIPHTHONGS BEFORE ‘ς’; ALSO ON THOSE IN ‘ως’ AND IN ‘ψ’. BOOK 10} 1 Disyllabic proper names or appellatives or ethnics ending in ‘υς’ are barytone: Λίβυς as a proper name; and the ethnic is homophonous; and it is of three genders: Λίβυς, Λίβυσσα.