Discussion of ethnic and place-names (e.g., Πηλαγών, Παφλαγών, Κύδων, Νέδων, Μύνδων, Σάνδων, Δώδων), accentuation and declension patterns for forms in -ων, -δων, and related compounds; examples from Homer, Apollonius Rhodius, Thucydides, and Callimachus.
Οὐκαλέγων, Πελάγων, Ἁρπάγων, προάγων, Σαλάγγων «μέσφα Σαλάγγωνος ποταμοῦ» (Apollon. Rhod. IV 334), Ἐρίγων, ἀρίγων εἶδος δόρατος ὀξύνεται δὲ τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ο' κλινόμενα, εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ συνθέτου τοῦ εἰς 'ος' παρώνυμα ὑπάρχοι οἷον Παφλαγών Λαιστρυγών «παλαιότατοι μὲν λέγονται ἐν μέρει τινὶ τῆς χώρας (ἤτοι Σικελίας) Κύκλωπες καὶ Λαιστρυγόνες οἰκῆσαι». Θουκυδίδης ἕκτῃ (c. 2), Πηλαγών ὁ οἰκήτωρ τῆς Πηλαγονίας «Πηλαγόνων ἐλατῆρα» Καλλίμαχος (Hymn. in Iov. v. 3). ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὄνομα κύριον «ὃς τέκε Πηλεγόνα» (Il. Φ 159). ἔοικε δὲ γράφεσθαι τὸ ὄνομα ἐθνικὸν κατὰ τὴν δευτέραν συλλαβὴν διὰ τοῦ 'α', τὸ δὲ τοῦ ἥρωος διὰ τοῦ 'ε'. ἀρηγών, λέγω δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ συμμάχου ἀρσενικῶς «ἀρηγόνος ἡμετέροιο», πλὴν τοῦ καταπύγων· τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ συνθέτων εἰς 'ος' παραχθέντα κατὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ σημαινομένου βαρύνεται, ἄπειρος ἀπείρων, ἄναιμος ἀναίμων, ἄκυμος ἀκύμων, ἔγκυμος ἐγκύμων, ἄσχημος ἀσχήμων. Τὰ εἰς 'δων' δισύλλαβα ὀξύνεται καὶ βαρύνεται· βαρύνεται μέν, ὅσα ἐστὶν διὰ τοῦ 'ντ' κλινόμενα καὶ φυλάττοντα τὸ 'ω' κατὰ τὴν γενικήν, χωρὶς τῶν συνεμπιπτόντων πόλει οἷον κώδων, Φαίδων, Φείδων, Μείδων, κλύδων, κνώδων, Λάδων πατὴρ νύμφης Τελφούσης, ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Νέδων ποταμὸς καὶ τόπος τῆς Λακωνικῆς, Κύδων ὁ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Ἀκακαλλίδος τῆς Μίνω θυγατρός, ἀφ´ οὗ Κυδωνία, καὶ ὁ πολίτης ὁμοφώνως. Μύνδων ἔθνος Λιβύης. Ἔφορος εἰκοστῷ ὀγδόῳ «Μύνδωνες, οἵπερ εὐγνωμότατοι δοκοῦσιν εἶναι πλουσιώτατοι τὸν βίον». Σάνδων κύριον καὶ πόλις Ἰλλυρίας. Δώδων ποταμὸς Ἠπείρου, Μέδων, σπάδων, Κόδων, χλίδων, οὕτως δὲ
Oucalegōn, Pelagōn, Harpagōn, proagōn, Salanggōn—“as far as the river Salanggōn” (Apollon. Rhod. IV 334)—Erigōn; and ἀρίγων, a kind of spear; and those declined through ο are accented on the ultima, unless it is a derivative from a compound in -ος, as for example Παφλαγών, Λαιστρυγών: “It is said that in very ancient times, in some part of the country (that is, Sicily), Cyclopes and Laestrygones dwelt.” Thucydides, book six (c. 2). Πηλαγών, the settler of Pelagonia: “driver of the Pelagones,” Callimachus (Hymn. in Iov. v. 3). And it is also a proper name: “who bore Pelegōn” (Il. Φ 159). But the ethnic name seems to be written in the second syllable with α, whereas that of the hero with ε. ἀρηγών—I mean in the sense of ‘ally,’ in the masculine—“of our helper, ἀρηγόνος ἡμετέροιο,” except καταπύγων; for those derived from compounds in -ος, with the same meaning, are accented on the penult: ἄπειρος, ἀπείρων; ἄναιμος, ἀναίμων; ἄκυμος, ἀκύμων; ἔγκυμος, ἐγκύμων; ἄσχημος, ἀσχήμων. Disyllables in -δων are accented both on the ultima and on the penult: they are accented on the penult when they are declined with ντ and keep ω in the genitive, except those that coincide with a city, as for example κώδων, Φαίδων, Φείδων, Μείδων, κλύδων, κνώδων, Λάδων, father of the nymph Telphousa (and it is also the name of a river), Νέδων, a river and a place of Laconia, Κύδων, son of Apollo and Acacallis, daughter of Minos, from whom Κυδωνία, and likewise the citizen. Μύνδων, a people of Libya. Ephorus, book twenty-eight: “the Myndones, who are thought to be the most prudent, the richest in their way of life.” Σάνδων, a proper name and a city of Illyria. Δώδων, a river of Epirus; Μέδων, σπάδων, Κόδων, χλίδων; and thus…