Accent and declension of masculine nouns in -ως and -τος; place names, ethnics, compounds, and Attic accent patterns (examples: Ἄθως, Εἵλωτες, ζώς, ἔρως).
εὔχρους, Σκιάπους ἔθνος Αἰθιοπικόν, ὡς Ἑκαταῖος ἐν περιηγήσει Αἰγύπτου, Ἰάπους ἔθνος Κελτικὸν πρὸς τῇ Ἰλλυρίᾳ. Διονύσιος ἑκκαιδεκάτῳ. τριόδους, κυνόδους. Τὰ εἰς 'ως' ἀρσενικὰ περιττοσυλλάβως κλινόμενα καὶ διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ 'ος' βαρύνονται, ἥρως, Μίνως, πάτρως, μήτρως. Ἄθως, οὗ ἡ κλίσις διττὴ καὶ Ἄθωος καὶ Ἄθω. ἔστι δὲ ὄρος Θρᾴκης ἀπὸ Ἄθω γίγαντος, ὡς Νίκανδρος πέμπτῳ τῆς Εὐρωπείας καί τις Ἄθω τόσον ὕψος ἰδὼν Θρήϊκος ὑπ´ ἄστροις ἔκλυεν οὐ δηθέντος ἀμετρήτῳ ὑπὸ λίμνῃ, ὃς ἀναποῦν χείρεσσι δύο ῥίπτεσκε βέλεμνα ἠλιβάτου προθέλυμνα Καναστραίης πάρος ἄκρης. εἴρηται δὲ καὶ Ἄθοος ὡς τὸ Κῶς Κόος. λέγεται καὶ κατὰ συναίρεσιν Ἄθους. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἄθως πόλις ἐπὶ τῷ Ἄθῳ. Τὰ εἰς 'ως' ἁπλᾶ διὰ τοῦ 'τος' κλινόμενα, εἰ μακρᾷ παραλήγοι, ἢ μετοχικὰ ὄντα ὀξύνεται, εὐρώς, ἱδρώς, Ἀραρώς. ἔστι δὲ ὄνομα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀριστοφάνους, ὑποδεδιώς· ἔστι δὲ εἶδος ὀρνέου. εἰ δὲ ἰαμβικὰ ὑπάρχοι διὰ τοῦ 'τος' κλινόμενα, βαρύνεται, γέλως, ἔρως, Νέπως· ἔστι δὲ ὄνομα ὄρους. τὸ δὲ Εἵλως ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἕλως προσθέσει τοῦ 'ι'. Εἵλωτες δ´ εἰσὶν οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Μεσσηνιακὴν πόλιν Ἕλος. λέγονται καὶ Εἱλῶται καὶ Ἕλειοι καὶ Ἑλεῖται. οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πάντας τοὺς δούλους Εἵλωτας καλοῦσιν. λέγονται δὲ Εἵλωτες καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ Σάτυροι. Τὰ ἀπὸ παρακειμένου συντεθέντα διὰ τοῦ 'τος' κλινόμενα ὀξύνεται ἀπτώς, ἀγνώς. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀγνῶτες ἔθνος Κελτικῆς παρὰ τὸν ὠκεανόν, ὡς Ἀρτεμίδωρος. Τὰ εἰς 'ως' σύνθετα ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'ως' μονοσυλλάβων παροξύνεται, ζώς ἀείζως, χρώς λευκόχρως. τὸ μέντοι ὑποδμώς »Ποσειδάωνος ὑποδμώς« (δ 386) ὀξύνεται ὡς παρέλκουσαν ἔχον τὴν ὑπό. Τὰ εἰς 'ως' σύνθετα ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'ως' πολυσυλλάβων παροξύνεται, ἔρως χρυσέρως, ἱδρώς λυσίδρως. τὸ δὲ δύσερως καὶ φιλόγελως καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα Ἀττικὰ ὄντα προπαροξύνονται. Τὰ εἰς 'ως' Ἀττικὰ ὁμοτονοῦσι ἐκείνοις, ἀφ´ ὧν ἐσχηματίσθησαν, ναός νεώς, λαός λεώς, κάλος κάλως, Τάλος Τάλως· ἔστι δὲ ὄνομα κύριον, Μενέλαος Μενέλεως, Ἰόλαος Ἰόλεως, Τυνδάρεος Τυνδάρεως,
εὔχρους, the Skiapodes, an Ethiopian people, as Hecataeus in the Description of Egypt; the Iapodes, a Celtic people by Illyria. Dionysius in the sixteenth book: τριόδους, κυνόδους. Masculines in -ως, declined with an extra syllable and through the pure -ος, are barytone: ἥρως, Μίνως, πάτρως, μήτρως. Ἄθως, whose declension is double, both Ἄθωος and Ἄθω. It is a mountain of Thrace, from the giant Athos, as Nicander in the fifth book of the Europia: “and a certain Thracian, having seen Athos of such a height beneath the stars, heard it not, though it had not yet been spoken, beneath an immeasurable lake; he who, with two hands, kept hurling missiles, the fore-ropes of the lofty Canastraea, before the peak.” And Ἄθοος is also said, as Κῶς is Κόος. It is also said by contraction Ἄθους. There is also an Ἄθως, a city on Athos. Simple words in -ως, declined through -τος, if they have a long penult, or being participial, are oxytone: εὐρώς, ἱδρώς, Ἀραρώς. It is the name of the son of Aristophanes, ὑποδεδιώς; and it is a kind of bird. But if there are iambic words declined through -τος, they are barytone: γέλως, ἔρως, Νέπως; and it is the name of a mountain. And Εἵλως is from Ἕλως by addition of ι. The Helots are those who inhabit the Messenian city Helos. They are also called Εἱλῶται and Ἕλειοι and Ἑλεῖται. The Lacedaemonians call all slaves Helots. And the Satyrs at Taenarum are also called Helots. Compounds formed from the perfect, declined through -τος, are oxytone: ἀπτώς, ἀγνώς. There are also the Ἀγνῶτες, a people of Celtic land by the ocean, as Artemidorus says. Compounds in -ως from monosyllables in -ως are paroxytone: ζώς, ἀείζως; χρώς, λευκόχρως. But ὑποδμώς—“Ποσειδάωνος ὑποδμώς” (δ 386)—is oxytone, as having the preposition ὑπό as an extraneous element. Compounds in -ως from polysyllables in -ως are paroxytone: ἔρως, χρυσέρως; ἱδρώς, λυσίδρως. But δύσερως and φιλόγελως and suchlike, being Attic, are proparoxytone. Attic forms in -ως have the same accent as those from which they were formed: ναός, νεώς; λαός, λεώς; κάλος, κάλως; Τάλος, Τάλως (a proper name); Μενέλαος, Μενέλεως; Ἰόλαος, Ἰόλεως; Τυνδάρεος, Τυνδάρεως.