Discussion of place-names and ethnics (Sidon, Sardōn, various -δων forms), accentuation and morphological behavior of names ending in -δων, with examples and citations.
λέγεται κόσμος ὁ περὶ τοὺς βραχίονας, ψίδων, Κύνδων ὄνομα ποταμοῦ. τὸ δὲ Σιδών πόλις Φοινίκης. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ. ἀλλὰ καὶ Σιδών ἐθνικόν. Ὀξύνεται δὲ τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ο' μόνον κλινόμενα οἷον Μυγδών, Σαρδών, ὃ τῇ Σαρδοῖ παράκειται ὡς τῇ Πυθώ Πυθών, σινδών, Μαρδών Ἠπειρωτικὸν ἔθνος. Εὔπολις Πόλεσι «καὶ Χαόνων καὶ Παιόνων καὶ Μαρδόνων», φλεδών, κληδών. τὸ δὲ Ἠδῶνες μεταπέπλασται ἐκ τοῦ Ἠδωνοί· λέγονται δὲ καὶ Ἠδῶναι. Τὰ εἰς 'δων' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς, εἰ παραλήγοιτο τῷ 'ο' ἢ 'α' ἢ 'υ', βαρύνεται οἷον ἀνόδων, χαυλιόδων, Κινάδων, Κελάδων, ἔστι δὲ ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Παμπάδων, Κορύδων. Τὰ εἰς 'δων' ὑπερδισύλλαβα ὀξύνεται παραλήγοντα τῷ 'ι' ἢ ὀνόματα ὄντα πόλεων ἢ ἐθνικά, Ἀμυδών πόλις Παιονίας «τηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπ´ Ἀξίου εὐρὺ ῥέοντος» (Il. 2, 849) καὶ ἥρως, Καλυδών πόλις Αἰτωλίας ἀπὸ Καλυδῶνος Ἐνδυμίωνος ἢ Αἰτωλοῦ υἱοῦ. Ἀβυδών χωρίον Μακεδονίας ὡς Στράβων. Ἀπιδών ὁ τὴν Ἀπίαν, ὡς οἱ νεώτεροι τὸ Ἄργος φασίν, κατοικῶν. Ἀπιδόνες δὲ καὶ οἱ Ἀρκάδες ἀπὸ Ἀπιδόνος ποταμοῦ ἢ τοῦ υἱοῦ Φορωνέως Ἄπιδος. χελιδών τὸ ὄρνεον καὶ Χελιδών ὁ βάρβαρος, Χελιδόνας γὰρ ἀρσενικῶς τοὺς βαρβάρους Ἴων ἐν Ὀμφάλῃ φησὶν ὡς καὶ Αἰσχύλος τὸ βαρβαρίζειν χελιδονίζειν φησίν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Χελιδών περὶ τελετῶν γράψας. Μυρμιδών. Τὰ εἰς 'δων' θηλυκὰ ὀξύνεται, ληθεδών, τηκεδών, σηπεδών, ἀηδών, ἀκηχεδών, ἀλθεδών, τυφεδών, ὃ παρὰ τῷ Κυρηναίῳ τὰ δὲ νῦν πολλὴν τυφεδῶνα λεσχαίνεις—
Κόσμος is said to be the ornament worn about the arms; ψίδων; Κύνδων, the name of a river. But Σιδών is a city of Phoenicia—Hecataeus, in his Ἀσία. And Σιδών is also an ethnic name. The words declined only through ο are accented on the last syllable, e.g. Μυγδών, Σαρδών—who is associated with Σαρδώ, as Πυθών is with Πυθώ—σινδών, Μαρδών, an Epirote tribe. Eupolis in Πόλεις: «καὶ Χαόνων καὶ Παιόνων καὶ Μαρδόνων» (Mein. p. 199 ed. min.), φλεδών, κληδών. But Ἠδῶνες has been remodelled from Ἠδωνοί; they are also called Ἠδῶναι. Words in -δων of more than two syllables, if they have ο or α or υ in the penult, are accented on the penult, e.g. ἀνόδων, χαυλιόδων, Κινάδων, Κελάδων (it is the name of a river), Παμπάδων, Κορύδων. Words in -δων of more than two syllables are accented on the last syllable when they have ι in the penult, or when they are names of cities or ethnic names: Ἀμυδών, a city of Paeonia—«τηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπ´ Ἀξίου εὐρὺ ῥέοντος» (Il. 2, 849)—and also a hero; Καλυδών, a city of Aetolia, from Καλυδών, son of Endymion or of Aetolus. Ἀβυδών, a place in Macedonia, as Strabo says ( 7 p. 330). Ἀπιδών, the man inhabiting Ἀπία, as the later writers say Argos is called. And Ἀπιδόνες are also the Arcadians, from the river Ἀπιδών or from Ἄπις, son of Phoroneus. χελιδών, the bird, and Χελιδών, the barbarian; for Ion in Ὀμφάλη says that the barbarians use Χελιδόνας as a masculine, just as Aeschylus says that to speak barbarously is to ‘swallow-talk’. There is also a Χελιδών who wrote about rites. Μυρμιδών. Feminine words in -δων are accented on the last syllable: ληθεδών, τηκεδών, σηπεδών, ἀηδών, ἀκηχεδών, ἀλθεδών, τυφεδών, which occurs in the Cyrenaean: ‘but now you are chattering a great deal of τυφεδών—’