Accentuation and examples of Greek place-names and ethnics in -δων/-δών, with metrical notes and specific toponyms (Καρχηδών, Χαλκηδών, Ἀνθηδών, Ἀσπληδών, etc.)
ἕνεκα μέτρου τὸ 'ω' ἐφύλαξεν ὡς μελεδῶνος, ἀκηδών, ἀλγηδών, ἀχθηδών. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'εδων' ἀρσενικά τε καὶ θηλυκὰ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ἁπλᾶ ὀξύνεται, Μακεδών τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμοφώνως τῷ κτιστῇ, σηπεδών τηκεδών καὶ τὰ λοιπά. τὰ δὲ σύνθετα βαρύνεται Λαομέδων, Αὐτομέδων, Εὐρυμέδων ποταμὸς Παμφυλίας καὶ τόπος πρὸς Ταρσόν. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ηδων' ἀρσενικὰ καὶ θηλυκὰ ὑπερδισύλλαβα διὰ τοῦ 'ο' κλινόμενα ὀξύνεται, Φαρκηδών πόλις Θεσσαλίας. Θεόπομπος δὲ δʹ Φιλιππικῶν Φαρκαδόνα διὰ τοῦ 'α' φησίν. Τερηδών πόλις ἐπὶ τῇ Ἐρυθρᾷ. Καρχηδών μητρόπολις Λιβύης ἀπὸ Καρχηδόνος Φοίνικος. ἔστι καὶ ἄλλη Καρχηδών πόλις Ἰβηρίας. Χαλκηδών πόλις Βιθυνίας ἡ πρὸς τῷ στόματι τοῦ Πόντου καταντικρὺ τοῦ Βυζαντίου. Μένιππος ἐν περίπλῳ Βιθυνίας «ἀπὸ ἱεροῦ Διὸς οὐρίου καὶ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ Πόντου ἀριστερὰν ἔχοντι τὴν ἤπειρον καὶ ἐπιπλέοντι εἰς Χαλκηδόνα τὴν πόλιν εἰσὶ στάδια ρκʹ, ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης ἕως τοῦ Ἀκρίτου στάδια ξʹ». γράφεται καὶ Καλχηδών. εὑρίσκομεν γὰρ διφορουμένην τὴν χρῆσιν. Ἀνθηδών πόλις Βοιωτίας. Ὅμηρος «Ἀνθηδόνα τ´ ἐσχατόωσαν» (Il. 2, 508) ἀπὸ Ἀνθηδόνος τοῦ Δίου τοῦ Ἄνθου τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Ἀλκυόνος τῆς Ἄτλαντος. συνῴκισαν δ´ αὐτὴν Θρᾷκες, ὡς Λυκόφρων «ἀστῷ σύνοικος Θρῃκίας Ἀνθηδόνος» (v. 754) ἢ διὰ τὸ πασῶν ἀνθηροτάτην εἶναι. ἔστι καὶ ἑτέρα πόλις πλησίον Γάζης πρὸς τῷ παραλίῳ μέρει. Ἀσπληδών, πόλις Φωκίδος. Παυσανίας ἐνάτῳ (c. 38, 9)· ἀπὸ Ἀσπληδόνος υἱοῦ νύμφης Μιδείας καὶ Ποσειδῶνος ἢ Πρέσβωνος ἢ Ὀρχομενοῦ. Ὀρχομενοῦ γὰρ υἱεῖς «Ἀσπληδών Κλύμενός τε καὶ Ἀμφίδοκος θεοειδής» (Hesiod. fr. 47 Markscheffel). τὴν δὲ παρ´ Ὁμήρῳ τῆς Βοιωτίας φασί. γράφεται καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ 'α', ἀλλ´ οὐ παρ´ Ὁμήρῳ. Ἰσσηδών ἔθνος Σκυθικόν. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ. Ἀλκμὰν δὲ μόνος Ἐσσηδόνας αὐτούς φησιν. εὑρίσκεται δὲ ἡ δευτέρα παρ´ ἄλλοις διὰ τοῦ 'ε'.
For the sake of the metre he preserved the ω, as in μελεδῶνος, ἀκηδών, ἀλγηδών, ἀχθηδών. The masculines and feminines in -εδων, when simple and of more than two syllables, are accented with an acute: Μακεδών, the ethnic name, with the same sound as the founder; σηπεδών, τηκεδών, and the rest. But the compounds are accented with a grave: Λαομέδων, Αὐτομέδων, Εὐρυμέδων, a river of Pamphylia and a place toward Tarsus. The masculines and feminines in -ηδων, of more than two syllables, declined with ο, are accented with an acute: Φαρκηδών, a city of Thessaly. But Theopompus in the fourth book of the Philippics says Φαρκαδόνα with α. Τερηδών, a city on the Red Sea. Καρχηδών, the metropolis of Libya, from Καρχηδών the Phoenician. There is also another Καρχηδών, a city of Iberia. Χαλκηδών, a city of Bithynia, the one at the mouth of the Pontus, opposite Byzantium. Menippus in the Periplus of Bithynia: “From the sanctuary of Zeus of fair winds and from the mouth of the Pontus, for one who has the mainland on the left and sails on to the city of Χαλκηδών, there are 120 stades; and from this city to Ἄκριτος, 60 stades.” It is also written Καλχηδών; for we find the usage varying. Ἀνθηδών, a city of Boeotia. Homer: “and Ἀνθηδόνα at the farthest edge” (Il. 2, 508), from Ἀνθηδών, son of Zeus, Anthus, of Poseidon and Alcyone daughter of Atlas. Thracians settled it together, as Lycophron: “a fellow-settler with the citizen of Thracian Ἀνθηδών” (v. 754), or because it is the most flowery of all. There is also another city near Gaza, in the coastal region. Ἀσπληδών, a city of Phocis. Pausanias in the ninth book (c. 38, 9): from Ἀσπληδών, son of the nymph Mideia and Poseidon, or of Presbon, or of Orchomenus. For the sons of Orchomenus are “Ἀσπληδών and Clymenus and godlike Amphidocus” (Hesiod. fr. 47 Markscheffel). But the one in Homer they say is in Boeotia. It is also written without the α, but not in Homer. Ἰσσηδών, a Scythian people. Hecataeus in Asia. But Alcman alone calls them Ἐσσηδόνας. Yet the second form is found in others with ε.