Discussion of Greek place-names (Myra, Psyra, Kyra/Kyre, Ephyra, Tegyra, Antikyra, Corcyra/Korkyra, etc.), their local identifications and etymologies, and accentuation/phonological observations (paroxytone vs. oxytone behavior, changes of α and υ, rules for 'ρα' sequences).
καὶ θύρα ἐκτείνοντα τὸ 'α' καὶ συστέλλοντα τὸ 'υ' παροξύνεται, ὡσαύτως καὶ Μύρα πόλις Λυκίας ἀπὸ μύρων ἢ ἀπὸ Μύρωνος ἢ ἀπὸ Μύρου ποταμοῦ παραρρέοντος· ἄμεινον δὲ τὸ πρῶτον. λέγεται καὶ οὐδετέρως. ὡσαύτως καὶ Ψύρα νῆσος μικρὰ πλησίον Χίου, ἣν ὁ ποιητὴς Ψυρίαν καλεῖ »νήσου ἐπὶ Ψυρίης« (Od. γ 171). τὸ δὲ Κύρα ἡ κρήνη ἐκτεῖνον τὸ 'υ' καὶ τὸ 'α' διὰ τοῦ 'η' ἐξηνέχθη Κύρη. σεσημείωται τὸ πυρά ὀξυνόμενον. τὸ δὲ (Od. δ 500) Γυρῇσίν μιν πρῶτα Ποσειδάων ἐπέλασσεν, πέτρῃσιν μεγάλῃσι εἰ καὶ ἰδίως λέγεται, ἀλλ´ ὅμως ἔχει τάξιν ἐπιθετικήν. Τὰ εἰς 'ρα' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς τῷ 'υ' παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται. ἀλλ´ εἰ μὲν ἔχωσι τὸ 'α' μακρόν, παροξύνεται, πορφύρα. Ἐφύρα πόλις Ἠπείρου ἀπὸ Ἐφύρου τοῦ Ἄμβρακος τοῦ Θεσπρωτοῦ τοῦ Πελασγοῦ τοῦ γηγενοῦς τοῦ Ἀρκάδος. δευτέρα περὶ Ἦλιν. ἦν δὲ αὕτη μεταξὺ Πύλου καὶ Ἤλιδος, ὡς Παρμενίσκος φησίν. Ὅμηρος δὲ τὸ Ἐφύρη ἐπὶ τῆς Κορίνθου ἔφη. οὕτως δὲ ἐκαλεῖτο ἀπὸ Ἐφύρας τῆς Μύρμηκος τῆς Ἐπιμηθέως γυναικός. ἔστι καὶ ἄλλη Ἐφύρη Κράννουν λεγομένη, ὥς φησι Κινέας ὁ ῥήτωρ καὶ Ἐπαφρόδιτος. καὶ νῆσος οὐ μακρὰν ἀπέχουσα Μήλου. ἔστι καὶ Ἰταλίας κατὰ Καμπανίαν. ἔστι καὶ κώμη Αἰτωλίας Ἐφύρα. κολλύρα, Ζεφύρα, Φιλύρα, Κιβύρα πόλις πρὸς νότον Μαιάνδρου. Ἀντικύρα πόλεις δύο ἡ μία Φωκίδος, ὡς Δημήτριος ὁ Καλλατιανός, ἡ δὲ ἐν Μαλιεῦσιν, ὡς Ἀπολλόδωρος. Τεγύρα πόλις Βοιωτίας, Σῆμος ὁ Δήλιος »τὴν Ἀπόλλωνος γένεσιν οἱ μὲν ἐν Λυκίᾳ, οἱ δ´ ἐν Δήλῳ, οἱ δ´ ἐν Ζωστῆρι τῆς Ἀττικῆς, οἱ δὲ ἐν Τεγύρᾳ τῆς Βοιωτίας φασίν«. Καλλισθένης ἐν τρίτῳ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν »ἔστι μαντεῖα τὸ μὲν Ἰσμήνιον ἐν Θήβαις, τὸ δὲ Τροφωνίου ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ, τὸ δὲ ἐν Ἄβαις λεγόμενον ἐν Φωκεῦσιν, τὸ δὲ κυριώτερον ἐν Δελφοῖς, ὃ καὶ μάλιστά φασι μεμαρτυρηκέναι τὴν ἐν Τεγύρᾳ«. σισύρα· εἰ δὲ βραχύ, προπαροξύνεται, Κέρκυρα νῆσος. ἀμφιβόλως ἔχει ἡ τῆς νήσου γραφή. λέγεται γὰρ καὶ διὰ τοῦ 'ο' Κόρκυρα, ἑτέρα δὲ Κέρκυρα ἐντὸς τοῦ Ἰονίου διὰ τοῦ 'ο' μάλιστα λεγομένη Κόρκυρα ἡ καὶ Μέλαινα καλουμένη. ἄγκυρα. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Γαλατίας. Ἀπολλώνιος ἐν ἑπτακαιδεκάτῃ Καρικῶν ἱστορεῖ Μιθριδάτῃ καὶ Ἀριοβαρζάνῃ νεήλυδας τοὺς Γαλάτας συμμαχήσαντας διῶξαι τοὺς ὑπὸ Πτολεμαίου σταλέντας Αἰγυπτίους ἄχρι θαλάσσης καὶ λαβεῖν τὰς ἀγκύρας τῶν νεῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ μισθὸν τῆς νίκης εἰς πολισμὸν λαβόντας χώραν κτίσαι καὶ ὀνομάσαι οὕτως. γέφυρα.
and θύρα, lengthening the ‘α’ and shortening the ‘υ’, is accented on the penult; likewise also Μύρα, a city of Lycia, from μύρα, or from Μύρων, or from the river Μύρος flowing by; but the first derivation is better. It is also said in the neuter. Likewise also Ψύρα, a small island near Chios, which the poet calls Ψυρία: “upon the island of Ψυρίη” (Od. γ 171). But Κύρα, the spring, lengthening the ‘υ’ and with the ‘α’ expressed by means of ‘η’, was pronounced Κύρη. πυρά, accented with an acute, is noted as exceptional. But the (Od. δ 500) Γυρῇσίν μιν πρῶτα Ποσειδάων ἐπέλασσεν, “first Poseidon drove him upon Γυρῇσιν,” even if it is said as a proper name with “with great rocks,” nevertheless has an adjectival order. Words ending in -ρα of more than two syllables, with ‘υ’ in the penult, are accented with a grave. But if they have long ‘α’, they are accented on the penult: πορφύρα. Ἐφύρα, a city of Epirus, from Ἔφυρος, the son of Ἄμβρακος, the Thesprotian, the Pelasgian, earth-born, the Arcadian. A second is near Ἦλις; and this one was between Pylos and Elis, as Parmeniskos says. But Homer spoke of Ἐφύρη in reference to Corinth. And it was so called from Ἐφύρα, daughter of Μύρμηξ, wife of Ἐπιμηθεύς. There is also another Ἐφύρη called Κράννουν, as Kineas the rhetor and Epaphroditos say; and an island not far distant from Melos; and one in Italy in Campania; and there is also a village of Aetolia, Ἐφύρα. κολλύρα, Ζεφύρα, Φιλύρα, Κιβύρα, a city to the south of the Maeander. Ἀντικύρα: two cities, one of Phocis, as Demetrios of Kallatis says, and the one among the Malians, as Apollodoros says. Τεγύρα, a city of Boeotia: Semos of Delos says, “the birth of Apollo some say was in Lycia, others in Delos, others in Zoster of Attica, and others in Tegyra of Boeotia.” Kallisthenes in the third book of the Hellenika: “there are oracles, the Ismenion in Thebes, that of Trophonios in Lebadeia, that called the one in Abai among the Phocians, and the most authoritative in Delphi, which they say has also most of all borne witness to that in Tegyra.” σισύρα; but if the ‘υ’ is short, it is accented on the antepenult: Κέρκυρα, an island. The spelling of the island is ambiguous; for it is also said with ‘ο’, Κόρκυρα; and there is another Κέρκυρα within the Ionian Sea, said especially with ‘ο’, Κόρκυρα, which is also called Μέλαινα. ἄγκυρα. There is also a city of Galatia. Apollonios in the seventeenth book of the Carian Histories relates that Mithridates and Ariobarzanes, having allied with the newly arrived Galatians, pursued the Egyptians sent by Ptolemy as far as the sea and took the anchors of their ships, and, taking as pay for the victory a territory for a settlement, founded a place and named it thus. γέφυρα.