List of place-names (cities, islands) and discussion of Greek accentuation patterns for words ending in -ρα, -ω, -αιρα, -αυρα, -ειρα with examples and Homer citation.
ἔστι καὶ πόλις Βοιωτίας, τινὲς δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς εἶναι καὶ Ταναγραίους φασίν, ὡς Ἑκαταῖος καὶ Στράβων. Τέντυρα, πόλις Αἰγύπτου, ὡς Ἀλέξανδρος ἐν τρίτῳ Αἰγυπτιακῶν. λέγεται καὶ Τέντυρις. Τίμυρα πόλις περὶ Ἰσαυρίαν. ὄλυρα. γόργυρα καὶ Γόργυρα τόπος ἐν Σάμῳ, ὡς ἱστορεῖ Δοῦρις, Θεμίσκυρα πόλις, ἥ ἐστιν ἀντίον Θερμώδοντος, καὶ ἡ χώρα. Ἴμυρα πόλις Φοινίκης. Κόσσυρα Λιβύης νῆσος, Λάμυρα πόλις Λυκίας. Λίμυρα πόλις Λυκίας ἀπὸ Λιμύρου ποταμοῦ. Πάλμυρα φρούριον Συρίας. τὸ δὲ Γλαφυρά ὀξύνεται, εἴτε ὄνομα πόλεως εἴη εἴτε ἐπιθετικόν. ἔστι δὲ πόλις Θεσσαλίας. Ὅμηρος »Βοίβην καὶ Γλαφυράς« (Il. Β 712). ἔστι δὲ καὶ κώμη Κιλικίας Γλαφυραί. Τὰ εἰς 'ρα' μακρὸν τῷ 'ω' παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται, χώρα, ψώρα, ὥρα, ὤρα, μεθ´ ὧν καὶ πρῷρα, εἰ καὶ συστέλλει τὸ 'α'. Τὰ εἰς 'ρα' ἁπλᾶ μονογενῆ τρισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ω' ἀπὸ φύσει μακρᾶς ἢ βραχείας ἀρχόμενα βαρύνεται, Φαλώρα ὄνομα πόλεως, πληθώρα, ληθώρα, ὀπώρα, αἰώρα, ψοθώρα. Ἀώρα ἢ Σαώρα νύμφη, ἀφ´ ἧς Ἄωρος ἢ Σάωρος πόλις Κρήτης μετονομασθεῖσα Ἐλευθεραί. εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ θέσει μακρᾶς, ὀξύνεται, θαλπωρά, ἐλπωρά. τὸ δὲ πανδώρα σύνθετον ὂν παροξύνεται ὡς καὶ τὸ Πολυδώρα τετρασύλλαβον· ἔστι δὲ νῆσος ἐν τῇ Κυζίκῳ. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αιρα' δισύλλαβα βραχυκατάληκτα προπερισπᾶται, σφαῖρα, αἶρα, Δαῖρα. τὸ δὲ Αἰραί ὀξύνεται· ἔστι δὲ πόλις Μακεδονίας καὶ ἄλλη Ἰωνίας. ἔστι καὶ παρὰ Ἑλλησπόντῳ. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αιρα' ὑπερδισύλλαβα προπαροξύνεται, μάχαιρα, χίμαιρα, Ἄπαιρα ὄνομα τόπου. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αυρα' δισύλλαβα μακροκατάληκτα παροξύνεται, σαύρα, αὔρα, λαύρα. τὸ δὲ Σαῦρα πόλις Σαυνιτῶν βραχυκατάληκτον προπερισπᾶται. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ειρα' δισύλλαβα βραχυκατάληκτα προπερισπᾶται, πεῖρα,
There is also a city of Boeotia; some say that these are the same as the Tanagraeans, as Hecataeus and Strabo (say). Tentyra, a city of Egypt, as Alexander (says) in the third book of his Aegyptiaca; it is also called Τέντυρις. Timyra, a city in the region of Isauria. ὄλυρα. Gorgyra and Γόργυρα, a place in Samos, as Duris relates; Themiscyra, a city, which lies opposite the Thermodon, and the surrounding country. Imyra, a city of Phoenicia. Kossyra, an island of Libya; Lamyra, a city of Lycia. Limyra, a city of Lycia, from the river Limyros. Palmyra, a fortress of Syria. But Γλαφυρά is accented with an acute, whether it is the name of a city or an adjective. There is a city of Thessaly (so called). Homer: “Βοίβην καὶ Γλαφυράς” (Il. Β 712). There is also a village of Cilicia, Γλαφυραί. Words in -ρα with a long penult in ω are barytone: χώρα, ψώρα, ὥρα, ὤρα, along with which also πρῷρα, even though it contracts the α. Simple, uncompounded, monogenetic trisyllables in -ρα with the penult in ω, beginning from a naturally long or short (initial syllable), are barytone: Φαλώρα, a city-name; πληθώρα, ληθώρα, ὀπώρα, αἰώρα, ψοθώρα. Ἀώρα or Σαώρα, a nymph, from whom Ἄωρος or Σάωρος, a city of Crete, was renamed Ἐλευθεραί. But if (the penult is long) by position, it is accented with an acute: θαλπωρά, ἐλπωρά. But πανδώρα, being a compound, is paroxytone, as also Πολυδώρα, a tetrasyllable; and it is an island in the region of Cyzicus. Disyllables in -αιρα with a short final syllable are properispomenon: σφαῖρα, αἶρα, Δαῖρα. But Αἰραί is oxytone; it is a city of Macedonia and another of Ionia; there is also one by the Hellespont. Polysyllables in -αιρα are proparoxytone: μάχαιρα, χίμαιρα, Ἄπαιρα, a place-name. Disyllables in -αυρα with a long final syllable are paroxytone: σαύρα, αὔρα, λαύρα. But Σαῦρα, a city of the Samnites, with a short final syllable, is properispomenon. Disyllables in -ειρα with a short final syllable are properispomenon: πεῖρα.