Notes on Sarpedon (hero, rock, coast, island) and related names (Issedoi, Halizones), with discussion of accent/weighting and declension of names ending in -δων, -ωδων, -ζων, and citations from Homer and Sophocles.
λέγονται καὶ Ἴσσηδοι τρισυλλάβως. ἔστι καὶ Ἰσσηδών πόλις. Τενθρηδών Πρόθου πατήρ. Σαρπηδών ἥρως καὶ πέτρα καὶ ἀκτὴ καὶ νῆσος ὡς παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν Αἰχμαλωτίσιν εἴρηται «Σαρπηδὼν ἀκτή». ἐν Τυμπανισταῖς «ἡμεῖς δ´ ἐν ἄντροις, ἔνθα Σαρπηδὼν πέτρα». καὶ ἡ νῆσος ἰδίως ἐν Ὠκεανῷ Γοργόνων οἰκητήριον οὖσα ὡς ὁ τὰ Κύπρια φησί· τῷ δ´ ὑποκυσαμένη τέκε Γοργόνας, αἰνὰ πέλωρα, αἳ Σαρπηδόνα ναῖον ἐν ὠκεανῷ βαθυδίνῃ, νῆσον πετρήεσσαν. ἀκηδών. —τὸ δὲ Σαρπήδων καὶ Ἀκήδων ὄνομα ποταμοῦ διὰ τοῦ 'οντος' κλινόμενα βαρύνονται «Σαρπήδοντος» (Il. Μ 379). * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ωδων' βαρύνεται, Θερμώδων, ἔστι δὲ ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Χαλκώδων, ἀμφώδων, κρατερώδων. Τὰ εἰς 'ζων' λήγοντα ἀρσενικὰ βαρύνεται, ὁπότε μὴ εἴη ὑπερδισύλλαβα καὶ πρὸ τέλους ἔχοι μακρὸν τὸ 'α' ἢ πόλει ὁμωνυμεῖ οἷον μείζων, Ῥίζων ὁ τοῦ Κάδμου υἱὸς καὶ πόλις Ἰλλυρίας καὶ ποταμὸς ὁμώνυμος, Ὄζων ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Ἄζων ποταμὸς Λυκίας καὶ παῖς Ἡρακλέους. Ὑψίζων ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Ἁλίζων ἔθνος. Ὅμηρος «αὐτὰρ Ἁλιζώνων Ὁδίος καὶ Ἐπίστροφος ἦρχον» (Il. 2, 856). Ἔφορος οἰκῆσαί φησι τοὺς Ἁλίζωνας τὴν παραλίαν τὴν μεταξὺ Μυσίας καὶ Καρίας καὶ Λυδίας κειμένην. εἴρηται δὲ οὕτως ὅτι ἡ γῆ αὐτῶν θαλάσσῃ διέζωσται καὶ οἱονεὶ χερρόνησός ἐστιν, ὑπὸ τοῦ Εὐξείνου τῆς Προποντίδος διεζωσμένη. Ἐπαφρόδιτος δὲ ἀλαζόνας τινὰς εἶναι αὐτοὺς ὑπὸ
They are also called Ἴσσηδοι with three syllables. There is also a city Ἰσσηδών. Τενθρηδών, father of Πρόθος. Σαρπηδών is a hero, and a rock and a headland and an island, as is said by Sophocles in the Αἰχμαλωτίσιν: “Σαρπηδὼν ἀκτή.” In the Τυμπανισταί: “but we are in caves, where Σαρπηδὼν is a rock.” And the island in particular, being in Ocean and a dwelling-place of the Gorgons, as the poet of the Cypria says: “and she, having conceived by him, bore the Gorgons, dread monsters, who inhabited Σαρπηδόνα in deep-eddying Ocean, a rocky island.” ἀκηδών. —But the names Σαρπήδων and Ἀκήδων, being names of a river and declined through -οντος, are barytone: “Σαρπήδοντος” (Il. Μ 379). * Those in -ωδων are barytone: Θερμώδων (and it is the name of a river), Χαλκώδων, ἀμφώδων, κρατερώδων. Masculines ending in -ζων are barytone, whenever they are not more than disyllabic and have long α before the final syllable, or are homonymous with a city, as μείζων; Ῥίζων, the son of Cadmus, and a city of Illyria and a river of the same name; Ὄζων, the name of a river; Ἄζων, a river of Lycia and a son of Heracles. Ὑψίζων, the name of a river; Ἁλίζων, a people. Homer: “and of the Ἁλιζῶνες, Ὁδίος and Ἐπίστροφος were leaders” (Il. 2, 856). Ephorus says that the Ἁλίζωνες inhabited the coast lying between Mysia and Caria and Lydia. And it has been said thus, that their land is girded by sea and is, as it were, a peninsula, being girded by the Euxine and the Propontis. But Epaphroditus says that they are certain boasters, under…