Catalogue of many cities named Alexandria and other ancient place-names with regional locations and literary citations (e.g., Arrian, Demosthenes, Hecataeus, Homer).
πόλεις ὀκτωκαίδεκα. πρώτη ἡ Αἰγυπτία ἤτοι Λίβυσσα, ὡς οἱ πολλοί, ἀπ´ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Φιλίππου. Ἰάσων δὲ ὁ τὸν βίον τῆς Ἑλλάδος γράψας ἐν δʹ βιβλίῳ φησί «τὸν μὲν οὖν τόπον τῆς πόλεως ὄναρ ἐχρησμοδοτήθη οὕτως νῆσος ἔπειτά τίς ἐστι πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ, Αἰγύπτου προπάροιθε, Φάρον δέ ἑ κικλήσκουσιν. ἐκέλευσε δὲ διαγράφειν τὸ σχῆμα τοὺς ἀρχιτέκτονας· οὐκ ἔχοντες δὲ λευκὴν γῆν ἀλφίτοις διέγραφον, ὄρνιθες δὲ καταπτάντες τὰ ἄλφιτα αἴφνης διήρπασαν. ταραχθεὶς οὖν Ἀλέξανδρος, οἱ μάντεις θαρρεῖν ἔλεγον· πάντων γὰρ τὴν πόλιν τροφὸν γενήσεσθαι». ταῦτα καὶ Ἀρριανὸς. δευτέρα ἐστὶ πόλις Τροίας, περὶ ἧς Δημοσθένης ἐν τετάρτῳ Βιθυνιακῶν. τρίτη Θρᾴκης πρὸς τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ, ἣν ἔκτισε πρὸ τῆς μεγάλης Ἀλεξανδρείας ἑπτακαίδεκα ὢν ἐτῶν. τετάρτη πόλις Ὠριτῶν, ἔθνους Ἰχθυοφάγων, κατὰ τὸν περίπλουν τῆς Ἰνδικῆς. πέμπτη ἐν τῇ Ὠπιανῇ, κατὰ τὴν Ἰνδικήν. ἕκτη πάλιν Ἰνδικῆς. ἑβδόμη ἐν Ἀρίοις, ἔθνει Παρθυαίων κατὰ τὴν Ἰνδικήν. ὀγδόη τῆς Κιλικίας. ἐνάτη ἐν Κύπρῳ. δεκάτη πρὸς τῷ Λάτμῳ τῆς Καρίας. ἑνδεκάτη κατὰ Βάκτρα. δωδεκάτη ἐν Ἀραχώτοις. τρισκαιδεκάτη ἐν Μακαρήνῃ, ἣν παραρρεῖ ποταμὸς Μαξάτης. τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη παρὰ Σωριανοῖς, Ἰνδικῷ ἔθνει. πεντεκαιδεκάτη παρὰ τοῖς Ἀραχώτοις, ὁμοροῦσα τῇ Ἰνδικῇ. ἑκκαιδεκάτη κατὰ τὸν Μέλανα κόλπον. ἑπτακαιδεκάτη ἐν τῇ Σογδιανῇ παρὰ Παροπαμισάδαις. ὀκτωκαιδεκάτη ἐπὶ τοῦ Τανάϊδος αὐτοῦ κτίσμα, ὡς ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ Πτολεμαῖος ἀποφαίνεται· ἔστι καὶ τόπος ἐν τῇ Ἴδῃ τῇ Τρωϊκῇ Ἀλεξάνδρεια λεγόμενος, ἐν ᾧ φασι τὸν Πάριν διακρῖναι τὰς θεάς, ὡς Τιμοσθένης. Καυκώνεια χώρα τῶν Καυκώνων ἀπὸ τῆς Καύκωνος γενικῆς ὡς Μαρώνεια πόλις Κικονίας κατὰ τὴν ἐν Θρᾴκῃ χερρόνησον. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ «ἐν δὲ λιμὴν Ἰσμαρίς, ἐν δὲ Μαρώνεια πόλις». Χαιρώνεια πόλις πρὸς τοῖς ὅροις Φωκίδος. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ «ἐν δὲ Χαιρώνεια πόλις τὰ πρῶτα»....... «Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ οἱ μετ´ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ὀρχομενίζοντας τῶν Βοιωτῶν ἐπερχόμενοι καὶ Χαιρώνειαν πόλιν Ὀρχομενίων εἷλον». ἐκλήθη ἀπὸ Χαίρωνος. Ἀριστοφάνης ἐν Βοιωτικῶν δευτέρῳ «λέγεται δ´ οἰκιστὴν γενέσθαι τοῦ πολίσματος Χαίρωνα». ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ ἡ πόλις καὶ Ἄρνη τὸ ἀρχαῖον. ὅθεν καὶ Ὅμηρος τῇ ἀρχαιοτέρᾳ ἐχρήσατο ὀνομασίᾳ, καθότι Αἴγυπτον τὸν ποταμὸν εἶπεν, οὐ Νεῖλον. καὶ πανταχοῦ τοῖς ἀρχαιοτέροις ὀνόμασι χρῆται. Κωστάντεια ἡ νῦν ἐν Κύπρῳ Σαλαμίς· ἔστι καὶ Βρεττίας ἄλλη, ὡς Διονύσιος ἐννεακαιδεκάτῳ Ῥωμαϊκῆς ἀρχαιολογίας. εὕρηται καὶ διὰ τοῦ 'ν'. Βυζάντεια ἡ χώρα. Αἴνεια τόπος Θρᾴκης ἀπὸ Αἰνείου. Θέων δ´ Αἰνειάδας ταύτην καλεῖ, ὑπομνηματίζων τὸν Λυκόφρονα (v. 1263) «Αἰνείας δὲ μετὰ τὴν Ἰλίου πόρθησιν εἰς Θρᾴκην παρεγένετο καὶ ἔκτισε πόλιν Αἰνειάδας, ὅπου τὸν πατέρα ἔθαψε». Αἰνία δὲ διὰ τοῦ 'ι' πόλις Περραιβῶν. Αἴπεια πόλις Λακωνικῆς «καλήν τ´ Αἴπειαν καὶ Πήδασον» (Il. Ι 152). ἔστι καὶ ἑτέρα Κύπρου. τρίτη Κρήτης ὡς Ἑλλάνικος. Ἀγάμμεια ἄκρα καὶ λιμὴν περὶ τὴν Τροίαν, ὡς Ἑλλάνικος
Eighteen cities. The first is the Egyptian one, that is, Libyssa, as most people say, from Alexander son of Philip. But Jason, who wrote the Life of Greece, says in the fourth book: “The site of the city, then, was revealed by an oracle in a dream as follows: ‘There is, then, a certain island in the loud-roaring sea, before Egypt; and they call it Pharos.’ And he ordered the architects to mark out the plan; but since they did not have white earth, they marked it out with barley-meal, and birds swooping down suddenly snatched away the barley-meal. Alexander, then, being disturbed, the seers told him to be of good courage; for the city would become a nourisher of all.” These things Arrian also relates. The second is a city of Troy, about which Demosthenes speaks in the fourth book of the Bithyniaca. The third is of Thrace, near Macedonia, which he founded before great Alexandria when he was seventeen years old. The fourth city is of the Oritae, a people of Fish-eaters, according to the Periplus of India. The fifth is in Opiane, in India. The sixth again is of India. The seventh is among the Arii, in the nation of the Parthyaeans, in India. The eighth is of Cilicia. The ninth is in Cyprus. The tenth is by Latmus of Caria. The eleventh is in Bactra. The twelfth is among the Arachosians. The thirteenth is in Makarenê, by which the river Maxatês flows. The fourteenth is among the Sorianoi, an Indian people. The fifteenth is among the Arachosians, bordering on India. The sixteenth is by the Black Gulf. The seventeenth is in Sogdiana among the Paropamisadae. The eighteenth is on the Tanais itself, a foundation of his, as Ptolemy declares in the third book; there is also a place on Trojan Ida called Alexandria, in which they say that Paris judged the goddesses, as Timosthenes says. Cauconia, the country of the Caucones, from the genitive of Caucon, just as Maroneia, a city of the Cicones, is according to the peninsula in Thrace. Hecataeus in the Europa: “and in it is the harbor Ismaris, and in it is the city Maroneia.” Chaeroneia, a city near the borders of Phocis. Hecataeus in the Europa: “and in it Chaeroneia is the first city” … “The Athenians and those with them, marching against the Orchomenians among the Boeotians, took Chaeroneia, a city of the Orchomenians.” It was named from Chiron. Aristophanes in the second book of the Boeotica: “and they say that Chiron became founder of the little city.” But the city was also called Arne in ancient times. Hence Homer used the more ancient name, just as he called the river Egypt, not Nile. And everywhere he uses the more ancient names. Constantia, the Salamis now in Cyprus; there is also another in the land of the Brettii, as Dionysius says in the nineteenth book of the Roman Antiquities. It is also found with ‘n’. Byzantia, the region. Aineia, a place of Thrace, from Aineius. But Theon calls this Aineias, commenting on Lycophron (v. 1263): “Aeneas, after the sack of Ilium, came to Thrace and founded a city Aineias, where he buried his father.” But Ainia, with ‘i’, is a city of the Perrhaebians. Aipeia, a city of Laconia: “and fair Αἴπεια and Pēdasos” (Il. Ι 152). There is also another of Cyprus, and a third of Crete, as Hellanicus says. Agammeia, a headland and harbor near Troy, as Hellanicus says.