Accentuation patterns of α in Attic Greek, including proparoxytone and acute shifts, examples of words and toponyms (Euboea, Beroia, Meliboia, etc.), diphthongal alternations, and related morphological notes.
ἃ ὤφειλε προπαροξύνεσθαι, οἱ Ἀττικοὶ ἐκτείνοντες τὸ 'α' ὡς ἐν τῷ ἱέρεια ἱερεία παροξύνουσιν. Τὰ εἰς 'α' συνεσταλμένον μονογενῆ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς παραλήγοντα τῇ 'οι' διφθόγγῳ προπαροξύνεται, εὔνοια, πρόνοια, ἄνοια, εὔχροια, δύσχροια, εὔπλοια, δύσπλοια, παλίρροια, ἀπόρροια, ὀρθόπνοια, δύσπνοια. Εὔβοια νῆσος, ἀπὸ Εὐβοίας. Ἡρόδοτος ( 5, 31). ἔστι καὶ τόπος ἐν Ἄργει. ἔστι καὶ πόλις ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ, εἰς ἣν οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου εἰς Ἰλλυριοὺς ἀποβάντες Ἄβαντες ἐκλήθησαν. Μελίβοια πόλις Θεσσαλίας. Στράβων ἐνάτῳ. Περίβοια, Στενόβοια, Ἀλίνδοια πόλις Μακεδονίας. Βέροια πόλις Μακεδονίας, ἣν Φέρωνα κτίσαι φασίν, αὐτοὺς δὲ τὸ 'φ' εἰς 'β' μεταποιεῖν, ὡς Φάλακρον Βάλακρον καὶ Βίλιππον καὶ Κεβαλῖνον. ἄλλοι ἀπὸ Βεροίας τοῦ Βέρητος τοῦ Μακεδόνος. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Συρίας. Ἐλίξοια νῆσος Ὑπερβορέων οὐκ ἐλάσσων Σικελίας ὑπὲρ ποταμοῦ Καραμβύκα. οἷς ἀκόλουθον τὸ ἔσσοια, τρίττοια ἡ θυσία, ἥτις ἐκ τριῶν ζῴων ἐθύετο ἢ ὅτι τριγενῆ ἦν τὰ θυόμενα. τὸ δὲ νεοία μακρὸν ἔχον τὸ 'α' παροξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'α' συνεσταλμένον μονογενῆ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς παραλήγοντα τῇ 'υι' διφθόγγῳ προπαροξύνεται, ἅρπυια παρὰ τὸ ἅρπω, οὗ παραγωγὸν ἁρπάζω. ἔστι καὶ πόλις ἐν Ἰλλυρίᾳ παρ´ Ἐγχελέαις, εἰς ἣν Βάτων ὁ Ἀμφιαράου ἡνίοχος μετὰ τὸν ἀφανισμὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπῴκησε. Πολύβιος. Εἰλείθυια καὶ Εἰλήθυια· ἔστι καὶ Εἰληθυίας πόλις Αἰγυπτιακή. Ὠρείθυια, αἴθυια, ἄγυια· Ἡρακλέων ὁ Γλαύκου παρὰ τὸ ἄγω φησίν· ἔστι δὲ ὡς παρὰ τὸ ἅρπω ἅρπυια, ὀρέγω ὄργυια, ἃ πληθυντικῶς ὀξύνεται. «μέσην ἐς ἄγυιαν» (Il. Υ 254), «ἐϋκτιμένας» δὲ «κατ´ ἀγυιάς» (Ζ 391). Ἴδυια. τὸ δὲ μητρυιά μακρὸν ἔχον τὸ 'α' ὀξύνεται. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αια' μονογενῆ μακρὸν ἔχοντα τὸ 'α' παροξύνεται, σεληναία, ἁμαξαία, Γενηταία ἄκρα ὡς Ἀπολλώνιος (Argonaut. II
Those which ought to be accented on the antepenult, the Attic writers, by lengthening the ‘α’, as in ἱέρεια, accent on the penult: ἱερεία. The monogenetic words in -α with contracted α, of more than two syllables, having the penult with the diphthong ‘οι’, are accented on the antepenult: εὔνοια, πρόνοια, ἄνοια, εὔχροια, δύσχροια, εὔπλοια, δύσπλοια, παλίρροια, ἀπόρροια, ὀρθόπνοια, δύσπνοια. Εὔβοια, an island, from Εὐβοίας. Herodotus (5, 31). There is also a place in Argos. There is also a city in Macedonia, to which those from the island, having landed among the Illyrians, were called Abantes. Μελίβοια, a city of Thessaly. Strabo in the ninth book. Περίβοια, Στενόβοια, Ἀλίνδοια, a city of Macedonia. Βέροια, a city of Macedonia, which they say Pheron founded, and that they themselves changed the ‘φ’ into ‘β’, as Φάλακρον into Βάλακρον, and Φίλιππον and Κεφαλῖνον. Others derive it from Βεροία, daughter of Βέρητος the Macedonian. There is also a city of Syria. Ἐλίξοια, an island of the Hyperboreans, not smaller than Sicily, beyond the river Carambyca. To which correspond ἔσσοια, τρίττοια, the sacrifice which was offered from three animals, or because the victims were of three kinds. But νεοία, having long ‘α’, is accented on the penult. The monogenetic words in -α with contracted α, of more than two syllables, having the penult with the diphthong ‘υι’, are accented on the antepenult: ἅρπυια, from ἅρπω, of which the derivative is ἁρπάζω. There is also a city in Illyria among the Encheleae, to which Baton, the charioteer of Amphiaraus, after his disappearance, migrated. Polybius. Εἰλείθυια and Εἰλήθυια; there is also a city of Egypt, Εἰληθυίας. Ὠρείθυια, αἴθυια, ἄγυια: Heracleon son of Glaucus says [they are] from ἄγω; but there is also [the view] that, as from ἅρπω comes ἅρπυια, from ὀρέγω comes ὄργυια—words which in the plural are accented on the acute. “into the middle of the ἄγυια” (Il. Υ 254), and “well-built” ‘along the ἀγυιάς’ (Ζ 391). Ἴδυια. But μητρυιά, having long ‘α’, is accented on the acute. The monogenetic words through -αια, having long ‘α’, are accented on the penult: σεληναία, ἁμαξαία, Γενηταία, a headland, as Apollonius (Argonaut. II