List of ancient geographic names (cities, regions) with brief etymologies and mythic attributions: Macedonia, Lydia, Cappadocia, Crete, Italy, Spain, Asia, etc.
(Β 862), τῆς δὲ Μυσίας «οἵ ῥ´ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης ἐριβώλακος ἦλθον ἀμοιβοί» (Il. Ν 793). Ἀχαιμενία ἡ Περσικὴ μοῖρα ἀπὸ Ἀχαιμένους υἱοῦ Περσέως. λέγεται καὶ Ἀχαιμένιον. Ἀνδανία πόλις Μεσσήνης ὁμώνυμος τῇ χώρᾳ. οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἡ Μεσσήνη Ἀνδανία ἐκαλεῖτο, ἣν οἰκῆσαί φασί τινας τῶν Κρεσφόντου καὶ οὕτως καλέσαι διὰ τὸ μὴ ἁνδάνειν αὐτοῖς. Ἀτιντανία μοῖρα Μακεδονίας ἀπὸ Ἀτιντᾶνος υἱοῦ Μακεδόνος. Αὐσονία ἡ χώρα. Ἰωνία. οὕτως ἡ Ἀττικὴ πρότερον ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Κρεούσης τῆς Ἐρεχθέως. «οὕτω μὲν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι. ἐν μέντοι Δωριεῦσιν Αἰτωλοί, ἐν δὲ Αἰολεῦσι Βοιωτοί, ἐν δὲ τοῖς Ἴωσιν Ἀθηναῖοι». Βαγαδαονία μοῖρα Καππαδοκίας νοτιωτάτη. Βιστονία πόλις Θρᾴκης ἀπὸ Βιστόνος τοῦ Ἄρεος καὶ Καλλιρρόης τῆς Νέστου. Γαστρωνία χώρα Μακεδονίας. Θεόπομπος νδʹ. Γερηνία πόλις Μεσσηνίας, ἔνθα, φασί, Νέστωρ ὁ Πύλιος ἐτράφη ἢ φυγὰς ἤχθη. ἀπὸ εὐθείας τῆς ἡ Γέρηνος. Γορδυνία πόλις Μακεδονίας. Ἠσιονία ἡ Σάρδεων χώρα ἡ καὶ Ἀσία. Μαιονία ἡ Λυδία ἀπὸ Μαίονος ποταμοῦ τοῦ περὶ τὴν Ἀχαιΐδα ῥέοντος ἢ ἀπὸ Μαίονος τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ. Κατταβανία κατοικία τῆς εὐδαίμονος Ἀραβίας. Στράβων ἑκκαιδεκάτῃ «φέρει δὲ λιβανωτὸν ἡ Κατταβανία, σμύρναν δὲ ἡ Χατραμωτῖτις». Κυδωνία πόλις Κρήτης ἡ πρότερον Ἀπολλωνία ἀπὸ Κύδωνος τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Ἀκακαλλίδος τῆς Μίνω θυγατρός. δευτέρα Σικελίας. τρίτη Λιβύης. Λακινία ἡ χώρα. Μακεδονία ἡ χώρα ἀπὸ Μακεδόνος τοῦ Διὸς καὶ Θυίας τῆς Δευκαλίωνος ὥς φησιν Ἡσίοδος ὁ ποιητής ἡ δ´ ὑποκυσαμένη Διῒ γείνατο τερπικεραύνῳ υἷε δύω, Μάγνητα Μακεδόνα θ´ ἱππιοχάρμην, οἳ περὶ Πιερίην καὶ Ὄλυμπον δώματ´ ἔναιον. ἄλλοι δ´ ἀπὸ Μακεδόνος τοῦ Αἰόλου, ὡς Ἑλλάνικος ἱερειῶν τρίτῃ τῶν ἐν Ἄργει «καὶ Μακεδόνος τοῦ Αἰόλου οὕτω νῦν Μακεδόνες καλοῦνται, μόνοι μετὰ Μυσῶν τότε οἰκοῦντες». Κεβρηνία χώρα τῆς Τρῳάδος ἀπὸ Κεβρῆνος ποταμοῦ, ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ Κεβριόνου τοῦ Πριάμου. Μαραθωνία πόλις Θρᾴκης οὐκ ἄπωθεν Ἀβδήρων. Κρητινία τόπος Ῥόδου. Καυλωνία πόλις Ἰταλίας, ἣν Αὐλωνίαν Ἑκαταῖος καλεῖ διὰ τὸ μέσην αὐλῶνος εἶναι. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ αὐλῶνος Αὐλωνία ὕστερον μετωνομάσθη Καυλωνία ὡς ἀπὸ Μετάβου ἥρωος Μεταπόντιον καὶ Ἐπίδαυρος Ἐπίταυρος καὶ αἱ Κλαζομεναί Πλαζομεναί. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη Σικελίας. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη Λοκρῶν. Καταονία μοῖρα ἐσχάτη τοῦ Ταύρου. Στράβων δὲ Καππαδοκίας ταύτην φησίν. Κοινία μία τῶν Ἀμαζόνων. Ἰουερνία νῆσος Πρεττανική. Βονωνία πόλις Ἰταλίας. Ἱσπανία ἀπὸ Ἱσπάνου γίγαντος οὕτω λεγομένου δύο τῆς Ἰταλίας ἐπαρχίαι ἡ μὲν μεγάλη ἡ δὲ μικρά. ταύτης ἐμνήσθη Χάραξ ἐν ιʹ χρονικῶν «ἐν Ἱσπανίᾳ τῇ μικρᾷ τῇ ἔξω Λουσιτανῶν πάλιν ἀποστάντων ἐπέμφθη ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς ἐπ´ αὐτοὺς Κΰιντος». ὁ αὐτὸς ὁμοῦ ὑπὲρ τῶν δύο «Κύϊντος ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων πολέμαρχος ἐν ἀμφοτέραις
(B 862), and of Mysia: «οἵ ῥ´ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης ἐριβώλακος ἦλθον ἀμοιβοί» (Il. Ν 793). Achaemenia, the Persian district, from Achaemenes son of Perseus; it is also called Ἀχαιμένιον. Andania, a city of Messenia, sharing its name with the region; for thus Messenia too was formerly called Andania, which some say certain of the followers of Cresphontes settled and so named because it did not please them. Atintania, a district of Macedonia, from Atintas son of Macedon. Ausonia, the country. Ionia: thus Attica formerly (was called), from Ion son of Apollo and Creusa daughter of Erechtheus. «So (say) the Athenians; but among the Dorians (are) Aetolians, among the Aeolians Boeotians, and among the Ionians Athenians.» Bagadaonia, the southernmost district of Cappadocia. Bistonia, a city of Thrace, from Biston son of Ares and Callirrhoe daughter of Nestus. Gastronia, a region of Macedonia; Theopompus, book 54. Gerenia, a city of Messenia, where, they say, Nestor of Pylos was reared or was brought in exile; with straight accentuation: ἡ Γέρηνος. Gordynia, a city of Macedonia. Hesionia, the territory of Sardis, which is also (called) Asia. Maionia, Lydia, from the river Maion that flows around Achaïda, or from Maion the founder. Kattabania, a settlement of Happy Arabia. Strabo in the sixteenth (book): «Kattabania produces frankincense, and the Chatramotitis myrrh.» Cydonia, a city of Crete, formerly Apollonia, from Cydon son of Apollo and Acacallis daughter of Minos; a second (Cydonia is) in Sicily, a third in Libya. Lacinia, the country. Macedonia, the country, from Macedon son of Zeus and Thyia daughter of Deucalion, as Hesiod the poet says: “and she, having conceived by Zeus, bore to Zeus who delights in thunder two sons, Magnes and Macedon, rejoicing in horses and battle, who dwelt about Pieria and Olympus in their homes.” Others (derive it) from Macedon son of Aeolus, as Hellanicus in the third book of the Priestesses at Argos: «and from Macedon son of Aeolus—thus now they are called Macedonians, alone together with the Mysians then dwelling (there).» Cebrenia, a region of the Troad, from the river Cebren, though others (derive it) from Cebrion son of Priam. Marathonia, a city of Thrace not far from Abdera. Cretinia, a place of Rhodes. Caulonia, a city of Italy, which Hecataeus calls Aulonia because it lies in the middle of a valley; for from the valley Aulonia was later renamed Caulonia, just as from the hero Metabus (comes) Metapontium, and Epidaurus (becomes) Epitaurus, and the Clazomenae (become) Plazomenae. There is also another (Caulonia) in Sicily, and another among the Locrians. Cataonia, a district at the far end of Taurus; but Strabo says this is (a part) of Cappadocia. Coinia, one of the Amazons. Iuvernia, a British island. Bononia, a city of Italy. Hispania, from a giant Hispānus so called; there are two provinces of Italy, one great and one small. Charax mentioned this in the tenth book of the Chronicles: «In Hispania the smaller, outside the Lusitanians, when they had again revolted, a general was sent against them by the Romans, Quintus.» The same (author) in the same place about the two: «Quintus, the war-leader of the Romans, in both…»