List of place-names with brief etymologies and dialectal/prosodic notes on long alpha (ἀ) alternations, accentuation, and examples of other vowel-weight changes.
Λυκόφρων (v. 326) «ἣν ἐς βαθεῖαν λαιμίσας Ποιμανδρίαν». Τενεβρία κώμη Ἰβηρίας. Σατρία πόλις Ἰταλίας. Νουκρία πόλις Τυρρηνίας. Φίλιστος ιαʹ. εὕρηται καὶ Νακρία διὰ τοῦ 'α'. Ῥεμουρία πόλις πλησίον Ῥώμης. Τρινακρία ἡ Σικελία παρὰ τὸ τρεῖς ἔχειν ἄκρας. ἢ ὅτι θρίνακί ἐστιν ὁμοία. πολλὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ὁμοιότητος χωρία προσαγορεύεται, Λυρνησσός Βρεντέσιον Σαρδώ. Σίβυλλα δὲ διὰ τὸ Τρίνακον βούκολον τὸν Ποσειδῶνος Σικελίας ἄρξαι· Τρινακίης νήσου, ἣν ἔκτισε Τρίνακος ἥρως, υἱὸς ποντομέδοιο Ποσειδάωνος ἄνακτος. Ὑρία χωρίον πλησίον Αὐλίδος. Ἡσίοδος δ´ ἐν Ὑρίᾳ τὴν Ἀντιόπην φησὶ γενέσθαι, Εὐριπίδης δ´ ἐν Ὑσιαῖς. ἔστι δὲ ἡ μὲν Ὑρία πρὸς τὸν Εὔριπον, αἱ δὲ Ὑσιαί τῆς Παρασωπίας ὑπ´ αὐτὸν τὸν Κιθαιρῶνα. ἔστιν Ὑρία καὶ ἡ κατὰ Ἰσαυρίαν Σελεύκεια, ᾗ παραρρεῖ ὁ Καλύκαδνος, ὃν Κάλυδνόν τινες καλοῦσιν. ἔστιν Ὑρία πρὸς τῇ Ἰαπυγίᾳ, Κρητῶν κτίσμα. Ἡρόδοτος ἑβδόμῃ (c. 170). Φιλωτερία πόλις κοίλης Συρίας, ἣ καὶ Φιλωτέρα. Τὸ μέντοι Στειριά δῆμος Ἀττικὸς τῆς Πανδιονίδος φυλῆς, λέγεται δὲ καὶ οὐδετέρως. Τὰ εἰς 'α' μακρὸν παραληγόμενα τῇ 'λι', ἧς προηγεῖται 'α', βαρύνεται πρᾶγμα σημαῖνον, διδασκαλία, ἀτασθαλία, ἢ ὀνόματα χωρῶν, Οἰχαλία πόλις, ἣν Ὅμηρος ἐν τῷ Πελασγικῷ Ἄργει τάσσει λέγων «οἵ τ´ ἔχον Οἰχαλίην, πόλιν Εὐρύτου» (Β 730). οἱ δὲ νεώτεροι τεθείκασιν αὐτὴν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ. ἔστι καὶ Μεσσηνὶς Οἰχαλία καὶ ἑτέρα ἐν Τραχῖνι. Θεσσαλία ἀπὸ Θεσσαλοῦ ἡ πρότερον Πελασγία. Παραλία τῆς Ἀττικῆς. Χαλία πόλις Βοιωτίας. Θεόπομπος μεʹ «τὴν δὲ Χαλίαν καὶ τὴν καλουμένην Ὑρίαν, ἥ περ ἐστὶν ἐφεξῆς ἐκείνης, τῆς Βοιωτίας....» Μαιναλία πόλις Γαλατίας. Μασσαλία πόλις τῆς Λιγυστικῆς κατὰ τὴν Κελτικήν, ἄποικος Φωκαέων. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. Τίμαιος δέ φησιν ὅτι προσπλέων ὁ κυβερνήτης καὶ ἰδὼν ἁλιέα ἐκέλευσε μάσσαι τὸ ἀπόγειον σχοινίον· μάσσαι γὰρ τὸ δῆσαί φασιν Αἰολεῖς· ἀπὸ γοῦν τοῦ ἁλιέως καὶ τοῦ μάσσαι ὠνόμασται. Κασταλία πόλις Κιλικίας. Ἀλλαλία πόλις ἐν Κύρνῳ τῇ νήσῳ κτίσμα Φωκαέων, ὡς Ἡρόδοτος (I 165). Παυταλία μοῖρα Θρᾴκης. εἰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως, ὀξύνεται, ἀμυγδαλιά, φυταλιά, λαλιά, καλιά. τὸ δὲ ἀσπαλία ἡ ἁλεία βαρύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'α' μακρὸν τρισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ι' ἐπὶ οὐσίας λαμβανόμενα βαρύνεται χωρίς τινων, καρδία· ἔστι Καρδία καὶ πόλις τῆς ἐν Θρᾴκῃ Χερρονήσου ἡ ὕστερον Λυσιμάχεια. Ἑρμοχάρου δὲ τοῦ κτιστοῦ θύοντος κόρακα τὴν καρδίαν ἁρπάσαντα καὶ ἀναπτάντα ἐς τόνδε τὸν χῶρον μεθεῖναι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως ἐκλήθη. ἢ ὅτι Σκυθῶν γλώσσῃ οὕτω κεκλῆσθαι. σχεδία, ζημία, σηπία, οἰκία, φυλία, τηλία,
Lycophron (v. 326): «ἣν ἐς βαθεῖαν λαιμίσας Ποιμανδρίαν». Tenebria is a village of Iberia. Satria, a city of Italy. Nucria, a city of Tyrrhenia. Philistus, book 11: it is also found as Νακρία with alpha. Remuria, a city near Rome. Trinacria—Sicily—so called from having three headlands; or because it is like a θρίνακι. Many places are named from resemblance: Lyrnessus, Brentesium, Sardō. And Sibylla, because Trinacus the herdsman, Poseidon’s son, ruled Sicily: “of the island of Trinacia, which the hero Trinacus founded, son of sea-ruling Poseidon the lord.” Hyria is a place near Aulis. Hesiod in book 4 says that Antiope was born in Hyria, but Euripides in Hysiae. Hyria lies toward the Euripus, whereas Hysiae are in Parasopia under Cithaeron itself. There is also Hyria, the Seleuceia in Isauria, by which the Calycadnus flows, which some call Calydnus. There is a Hyria by Iapygia, a foundation of Cretans. Herodotus in the seventh book (c. 170). Philoteria is a city of Coele Syria, also called Philotera. Steiria, however, an Attic deme of the Pandionid tribe, is also said in the neuter. Words ending in -α with long penult in -λι-, preceded by α, are barytone when they signify a thing: διδασκαλία, ἀτασθαλία; or when they are names of places: Oechalia, a city, which Homer places in Pelasgian Argos, saying, «οἵ τ’ ἔχον Οἰχαλίην, πόλιν Εὐρύτου» (Β 730). But later writers have placed it in Euboea. There is also an Oechalia in Messenia and another in Trachis. Thessaly, from Thessalus, formerly Pelasgia. Paralia of Attica. Chalia, a city of Boeotia. Theopompus, book 45: “and Chalia and the so-called Hyria, which lies next to it, of Boeotia….” Maenalia, a city of Galatia. Massalia, a city of Ligystica in Celtic territory, a colony of the Phocaeans. Hecataeus in Europe. Timaeus says that as the helmsman was sailing in and saw a fisherman he ordered him to μᾶσσαι the mooring-rope; for the Aeolians say that μᾶσσαι means ‘to bind’; accordingly it was named from the fisherman and from μᾶσσαι. Castalia, a city of Cilicia. Allalia, a city in the island of Cyrnus, a foundation of the Phocaeans, as Herodotus says (I 165). Pautalia, a district of Thrace. But if not so, it is oxytone: ἀμυγδαλιά, φυταλιά, λαλιὰ, καλιά. But ἀσπαλία, ‘the fishing’, is barytone. Trisyllables ending in -α with long penult in -ι-, when taken as denoting a substance, are barytone, with some exceptions: καρδία; and Cardia is also a city of the Thracian Chersonese, later Lysimacheia. When Hermocharus the founder was sacrificing, a crow snatched the heart and, flying off, dropped it in this place, and for this reason it was so called; or because in the Scythian language it is so named. σχεδία, ζημία, σηπία, οἰκία, φυλία, τηλία.