ἀρσενικῶν, ὁ σώφρων ὦ σῶφρον καὶ τὸ σῶφρον, ὁ ἀγνώμων ὦ ἄγνωμον καὶ τὸ ἄγνωμον, ὁ ἀμείνων ὦ ἄμεινον τὸ ἄμεινον, ὁ βελτίων ὦ βέλτιον τὸ βέλτιον, ὁ ἀρείων ὦ ἄρειον τὸ ἄρειον. τοῖς δὲ εἰς 'ων' ὀξυνομένοις ὀνόμασι οὐδέποτε παράκειται οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμός. Τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'ην' ἀρσενικῶν εἰς 'εν' οὐδέτερα ὁμοτονοῦσιν αὐτοῖς, ἄρσην ἄρσεν, τέρην τέρεν. * Τὰ εἰς 'ων' μετοχῶν δευτέρας συζυγίας τῶν περισπωμένων οὐδέτερα ὁμοτονοῦσι τοῖς ἀρσενικοῖς, ὁ βοῶν τὸ βοῶν, ὁ γελῶν τὸ γελῶν, ὁ ὁρῶν τὸ ὁρῶν, ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸ ἀγαπῶν, ὁ μελετῶν τὸ μελετῶν. μονογενὲς δὲ οὐδέτερον εἰς 'ων' λῆγον ὄνομα οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν. * Αἱ εἰς 'ως' μετοχαὶ ἀπὸ περισπωμένων κατὰ πάθος γενόμεναι καὶ φυλάττουσαι τὸ 'ω' ἐπὶ τῆς γενικῆς τοῦ ἀρσενικοῦ ὁμοτονοῦντα ἔχουσι τὰ οὐδέτερα, βεβώς βεβῶτος τὸ βεβώς, γεγώς γεγῶτος τὸ γεγώς, ἑστώς ἑστῶτος τὸ ἑστώς, τεθνώς τεθνῶτος τὸ τεθνώς. μονογενὲς δὲ οὐδέτερον εἰς 'ως' οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν πλὴν τοῦ φῶς καὶ τοῦ ὦς. Τὰ εἰς 'α' λήγοντα οὐδέτερα μονογενῆ βαρύνεται καὶ συστέλλει τὸ 'α' καὶ τὸ 'μ' παραλήγεται καὶ διὰ τοῦ 'τος' θέλει κλίνεσθαι. πρόσκειται μονογενῆ διὰ τὸ μέγα. τοῦτο γὰρ λήγει εἰς 'α' καὶ πρὸ τοῦ 'α' οὐκ ἔχει τὸ 'μ' διὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι μονογενές, ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ μέγας. τὸ γὰρ Πάσχα βάρβαρον, διὸ ὃ καὶ ἄκλιτον. τὸ φάβα καὶ αὐτὸ βάρβαρον, εἰ καὶ κλίνοιτο. καὶ τὰ τῶν στοιχείων ὀνόματα, ἄλφα, βῆτα, γάμμα, δέλτα—ἔστι καὶ Δέλτα πόλις πρὸς τῇ Συρίᾳ καὶ νῆσος Αἰγύπτου, ὡς Ἔφορος, κατ´ Αἰγυπτίους καλουμένη Πυραμίς ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ σχήματος ὁμοιότητος—βάρβαρα καὶ ἄκλιτά εἰσιν. τὸ δὲ ἄλειφα ἐγένετο ἐκ τοῦ ἄλειφαρ ἢ ἄλειφας ὑποστολῇ τοῦ 'ρ' ἢ τοῦ 'ς', τὸ δὲ λίπα ἐκ τοῦ
Of the masculines: ὁ σώφρων, ὦ σῶφρον, and the neuter τὸ σῶφρον; ὁ ἀγνώμων, ὦ ἄγνωμον, and the neuter τὸ ἄγνωμον; ὁ ἀμείνων, ὦ ἄμεινον, the neuter τὸ ἄμεινον; ὁ βελτίων, ὦ βέλτιον, the neuter τὸ βέλτιον; ὁ ἀρείων, ὦ ἄρειον, the neuter τὸ ἄρειον. But with nouns in -ων accented on the last syllable, there is never an accompanying neuter formation. The neuters in -εν derived from masculines in -ην have the same accent as them: ἄρσην, ἄρσεν; τέρην, τέρεν. The neuters in -ων of second-conjugation participles that are circumflexed have the same accent as the masculines: ὁ βοῶν, τὸ βοῶν; ὁ γελῶν, τὸ γελῶν; ὁ ὁρῶν, τὸ ὁρῶν; ὁ ἀγαπῶν, τὸ ἀγαπῶν; ὁ μελετῶν, τὸ μελετῶν. But it is not possible to find a monogender neuter noun ending in -ων. The participles in -ως that have arisen by affection from circumflexed forms and that preserve ω in the genitive of the masculine have neuters with the same accent: βεβώς, βεβῶτος, the neuter τὸ βεβώς; γεγώς, γεγῶτος, the neuter τὸ γεγώς; ἑστώς, ἑστῶτος, the neuter τὸ ἑστώς; τεθνώς, τεθνῶτος, the neuter τὸ τεθνώς. But it is not possible to find a monogender neuter in -ως except φῶς and ὦς. Monogender neuters ending in -α are accented with a grave, contract the α, have μ in the penult, and wish to be declined through -τος. “Monogender” is added because of μέγα: for this ends in -α and does not have μ before the α, because it is not monogender, since it is from μέγας. For Πάσχα is barbarian, and therefore also indeclinable. φάβα too is barbarian, even if it should be declined. And the names of the letters—ἄλφα, βῆτα, γάμμα, δέλτα (there is also a city Δέλτα near Syria and an island of Egypt, as Ephorus says, called by the Egyptians Πυραμίς from the likeness of its shape)—are barbarian and indeclinable. But ἄλειφα came from ἄλειφαρ or ἄλειφας by suppression of ρ or of ς, and λίπα from the…