Discussion of accentuation patterns in Greek place-names and nouns, with examples (Aipy, Pteleon, Dion, Helos) and citations to Homer and Ptolemaeus; remarks on endings (-ων, -λεον, -ον, -υ) and stress shifts, morphological explanations.
Ἀπολλόδωρος. Φερεκύδης δὲ ὁ Ἀθηναῖος τὸ μὲν ἐΰκτιτον κύριον ὄνομα παρέλαβε, τὸ δὲ αἰπύ ἐπίθετον. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἐναντίου τινὲς τὸ μὲν ἐΰκτιτον ἐπίθετον, τὸ δὲ αἰπύ κύριον, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις (Il. Λ 711) εἴρηκεν »ἔστι δέ τις Θρυόεσσα πόλις, αἰπεῖα κολώνη« ὃ νῦν εἴρηκε Αἰπύ καὶ ὡς ἴδιον γενόμενον βούλονται βαρυτονεῖν. Πτολεμαῖος δέ φησι μὲν κύριον εἶναι τὸ Αἰπύ, οὐ μὴν συγκατατίθεται τῷ τόνῳ φάσκων ὡς ὅτι πολλαὶ πόλεις ὁμοφωνοῦσι προσηγορικοῖς, Ἕλος, Αἰγιαλός· χρὴ μέντοι γινώσκειν ὅτι ἀναλογώτερον ἀνάγνωσις ἦν ἡ βαρεῖα. τὰ γὰρ εἰς 'υ' μονογενῆ βαρύνεται. * Εἰς 'ων' οὐδέτερον μονογενὲς ἢ εἰς 'ην' ἢ εἰς 'αν' ἢ εἰς 'εν' ἢ εἰς 'ιν' ἢ εἰς 'υν' οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν. τὸ γὰρ ἰθύτρην παρὰ Δημοκρίτῳ βεβίασται. Τὰ εἰς 'λεον' ὀξύνεται, Χαλεόν ἡ πόλις, ἐλεόν ἡ μαγειρικὴ τράπεζα. »βάλλον δ´ εἰν ἐλεοῖσιν«, στελεόν, ὃ καὶ στελειόν λέγεται ποιητικῶς, καὶ στελεός, κολεόν ἢ κουλεόν. Πτελεόν πόλις Ἰωνίας καὶ Τρῳάδος καὶ τῶν περὶ Θετταλίαν Ἀχαιῶν. καλεῖται δὲ ὅτι πολλὰς ἔχει πτελέας· ἔστι δὲ καὶ Μεσσηνίας, μία τῶν τριῶν, ὧν Ὅμηρος μνημονεύει »καὶ Πτελεὸν καὶ Ἕλος καὶ Δώριον« (Β 594). Δικαίαρχος δὲ τέτταρας ταύτας εἶναί φησι καὶ Πτελέας οὐ Πτελεόν κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον τοῦ βίου τῆς Ἑλλάδος βιβλίον. εἰ δὲ μὴ ἔχουσι τὸ 'λε', προπαροξύνονται, ὄστρεον, ὃ καὶ ὄστρειον λέγεται, ὄρνεον, δένδρεον, ὤεον, ὅπερ ἐν πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'ε' ἀπὸ τοῦ ὠόν, κάνεον. τὸ δὲ ὀστέον παροξύνεται ὡς δισύλλαβον· ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ ἵστημι στέον καὶ ὀστέον· οὐκ ἀγνοῶ δὲ ὡς καὶ ὀστοῦν λέγεται, ὡς καὶ παρὰ Κρατίνῳ ἐν Πυτίνῃ »ἀλλ´ οὐδὲ λάχανον οὐδὲν οὐδ´ ὀστοῦν ἔτι ὁρῶ«. τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον καὶ τὸ κάνεον κανοῦν. Τὰ εἰς 'ον' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ι' μόνῳ ἢ τῇ 'ει' διφθόγγῳ βαρύνεται, μνίον, ῥίον. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Μεσσήνης ἢ Ἀχαΐας καὶ ἄλλη Αἰτωλίας. σίον λαχάνου εἶδος, ἴον, δρίον, ὅπερ τινὲς καὶ δρίος γράφουσι, Δῖον πόλις Εὐβοίας περὶ τὸ Κήναιον. Ὅμηρος »Κήρινθόν τ´ ἔφαλον Δῖόν τ´ αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον« (Β 538). ἔστι καὶ Μακεδονίας, ἔνθα τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν ἀγῶνα ἐτέλουν· γʹ ἔστι πρὸς τῷ Ἄθῳ, ὡς
Apollodorus. Pherecydes the Athenian took ἐΰκτιτον as a proper name, but αἰπύ as an epithet. Some, on the contrary, take ἐΰκτιτον as an epithet, but αἰπύ as a proper name, since in other passages too (Il. Λ 711) he has said: “There is a certain city Thryoessa, a steep hill,” which he has now called Αἰπύ, and, as having become a proper name, they wish to accent it with a grave. But Ptolemy says that Αἰπύ is indeed a proper name, yet he does not agree with the accent, saying that many cities are homophonous with appellatives, Ἕλος, Αἰγιαλός; one must, however, know that the reading with the grave was more in accordance with analogy. For monogeneric words in -υ are accented with a grave.
It is not possible to find a monogeneric neuter in -ων, or in -ην, or in -αν, or in -εν, or in -ιν, or in -υν. For ἰθύτρην in Democritus is forced.
Words in -λεον are accented with an acute: Χαλεόν, the city; ἐλεόν, the cook’s table. “but they were casting into ἐλεοῖσιν”; στελεόν, which is also said poetically as στελειόν, and στελεός; κολεόν or κουλεόν. Πτελεόν is a city of Ionia and the Troad and of the Achaeans around Thessaly. It is so called because it has many elm-trees; there is also one in Messenia, one of the three of which Homer makes mention: “and Πτελεὸν and Ἕλος and Δώριον” (Β 594). But Dicaearchus says that these are four, and Πτελέας, not Πτελεόν, according to the first book of his Life of Greece.
But if they do not have -λε-, they are accented on the antepenult: ὄστρεον, which is also said as ὄστρειον; ὄρνεον; δένδρεον; ὤεον, which by addition of ε is from ὠόν; κάνεον. But ὀστέον is accented on the penult as a disyllable; for from ἵστημι come στέον and ὀστέον. I am not unaware that ὀστοῦν is also said, as also in Cratinus in Pytine: “but I no longer see any vegetable, nor any bone.” In this way also κάνεον becomes κανοῦν.
Disyllables in -ον with the penult containing only ι or the diphthong ει are accented with a grave: μνίον, ῥίον. There is also a city of Messene or Achaea, and another of Aetolia. σίον, a kind of vegetable; ἴον; δρίον, which some also write δρίος; Δῖον, a city of Euboea near Cenaeum. Homer: “and Κήρινθόν and sea-girt Δῖόν, the steep citadel” (Β 538). There is also one in Macedonia, where they held the Olympic contest; a third is by Athos, as…