Lists Greek place names and ethnonyms; discusses accentuation rules for words with -ιον and -νιον endings (diminutives), giving examples.
Δωρίδος ἐκ πάτρης βλαστόν τ´ ἄπο· τῶν γὰρ ἄτλητον μῶμον ὑπεκπροφυγὼν Θούριον ἔσχε πάτρην. Τείρια πόλις Λευκοσύρων. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ. Τέμβριον πόλις Φρυγίας. Χάραξ δὲ Τύμβριον αὐτήν φησι. Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ Τεμβρίειόν φησιν ὡς Γορδίειον. Τίνδιον πόλις Λιβύης. Τράλλιον πόλις Βιθυνίας, ἣ καθήκει πρὸς τὸν Ἀστακηνὸν κόλπον. Ὕπια ὄρη ὑπὸ τὴν Ποντικὴν Ἡράκλειαν, ὡς Νύμφις ἐν πρώτῳ περὶ Ἡρακλείας. Φάκιον πόλισμα Θεσσαλίας. Θουκυδίδης δʹ (c. 78). Φοίτιον πόλις Ἀκαρνανίας. λέγεται καὶ Φοιτίαι. Φρίκιον ὄρος ὑπὲρ Θερμοπυλῶν Λοκρικόν, ἀφ´ οὗ Φρικᾶνες καὶ Φρικανεῖς οἱ αὐτόθι οἰκήσαντες Αἰολεῖς, ὡς Ἑλλάνικος ἐν ἱερειῶν Ἥρας βʹ. ἐκλήθη δὲ ἀπὸ Φρικίου τοῦ Κενταύρου, ὃν ἀπέκτεινεν Ἡρακλῆς. καλεῖται καὶ Φρίκειον, ὃ καὶ Δρίος ὠνομάζετο. Φρύγια τόπος μεταξὺ Βοιωτίας καὶ Ἀττικῆς. Χήσιον πολίχνιον Ἰωνίας, ὡς Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν χρονικῶν πρώτῳ. Ψίλιον ποταμὸς μεταξὺ Θυνίας καὶ Βιθυνίας. Δομίτιος Καλλίστρατος ἐν τρίτῳ περὶ Ἡρακλείας «ἐγκυριεύσαντος ἀπὸ τοῦ Σαγγάρου χωρίου ἐντὸς τοῦ Ψιλίου ποταμοῦ». Ψύχιον τόπος Κρήτης, ἐν ᾗ πόλις ἦν ὁμώνυμος. Πόρθμιον καὶ Πορθμία κώμη ἐπὶ τῷ στόματι τῆς Μαιώτιδος λίμνης. Μέντιον τὸ ὄρος. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'νιον' ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ 'ν' σύμφωνον προπαροξύνεται χωρὶς εἰ μὴ ἔχοι ἡ πρώτη τὸ 'α' μὴ μεθ´ ἑτέρου φωνήεντος μηδὲ μετὰ συμφώνων κατὰ σύλληψιν, ἄνευ τῶν ὑποκοριστικῶν, ποίμνιον, δέμνιον, παίγνιον, τὸ γὰρ 'α' οὐκ ἔστι μόνον, σάννιον τὸ αἰδοῖον· τὰ γὰρ σύμφωνά ἐστι κατὰ διάστασιν. φέρνιον ἡ σπυρὶς τῶν ἰχθύων, ἴχνιον, κέρνιον. τὸ δὲ ἀμνίον παροξύνεται καὶ τὸ σκυμνίον. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ιον' τρισύλλαβα ἔχοντα δίφθογγον ἐν τῇ ἀρχούσῃ προπαροξύνεται, μὴ ὄντα ὑποκοριστικά, φρούριον, παίγνιον, ποίμνιον, Σούνιον, Αἴγιον, αὔλιον ἡ ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς οἴκησις, πλαίσιον ἡ τετραγωνοειδὴς τῶν στρατιωτῶν σύνταξις. γέγονε δὲ παρὰ τὸ πέλας πελάσιος καὶ συγκοπῇ πλάσιος καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'ι' πλαίσιος. τὸ δὲ σχοινίον, κρουνίον ὑποκοριστικά. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'νιον' τρισύλλαβα ἔχοντα 'η' ἐν τῇ ἀρχούσῃ παροξύνεται, ἡνίον, σπληνίον. τὸ δὲ ὤνιον προπαροξύνεται.
From a Dorian fatherland, and sprung from it; for, having escaped the intolerable reproach of them, he made Thurium his fatherland. Teiria, a city of the Leucosyrians: Hecataeus, in Asia. Tembrion, a city of Phrygia; but Charax says it is Tymbrion. Alexander, however, says Τεμβρίειόν, as Γορδίειον. Tindion, a city of Libya. Trallion, a city of Bithynia, which lies toward the Astacene gulf. Hypia, mountains below Pontic Heraclea, as Nymphis in the first book On Heraclea. Phakion, a small city of Thessaly; Thucydides (c. 78). Phoition, a city of Acarnania; it is also said Φοιτίαι. Phrikion, a Locrian mountain above Thermopylae, from which come the Phrikanes and Phrikaneis, the Aeolians who settled there, as Hellanicus in the second book of the Priestesses of Hera. It was named from Phrikios the Centaur, whom Heracles killed. It is also called Φρίκειον, which was also named Δρίος. Phrygia, a place between Boeotia and Attica. Chesion, a small town of Ionia, as Apollodorus in the first book of the Chronicles. Psilion, a river between Thynia and Bithynia. Domitius Callistratus in the third book On Heraclea: “when he had taken possession from the Sangarius district within the river Psilion.” Psychion, a place of Crete, in which there was a city of the same name. Porthmion and Porthmia, a village at the mouth of the Maeotic lake. Mention, the mountain.
Words in -νιον that have a consonant before the ν are accented on the antepenult, unless the first syllable has α not followed by another vowel nor by consonants in combination, apart from diminutives: ποίμνιον, δέμνιον, παίγνιον; for the α is not alone in σάννιον, “the pudendum,” since the consonants are separated. φέρνιον, “the fish-basket,” ἴχνιον, κέρνιον. But ἀμνίον and σκυμνίον are accented on the penult.
Trisyllables in -ιον that have a diphthong in the initial syllable are accented on the antepenult, when they are not diminutives: φρούριον, παίγνιον, ποίμνιον, Σούνιον, Αἴγιον, αὔλιον, “the dwelling in the fields,” πλαίσιον, “the square formation of soldiers.” It comes from πέλας: πελάσιος, and by syncope πλάσιος, and by addition of ι πλαίσιος. But σχοινίον and κρουνίον are diminutives.
Trisyllables in -νιον that have η in the initial syllable are accented on the penult: ἡνίον, σπληνίον. But ὤνιον is accented on the antepenult.