Morphology and accentuation of Ionic/Greek suffixes -ιον, -ηϊον, -ωϊον; examples of place-names and derived adjectives; rules for proparoxytone vs paroxytone accentuation with examples.
Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ιον' τρισύλλαβα προσηγορικὰ ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ 'ι' δύο σύμφωνα, ὧν οὐδέτερον ἢ τὸ ἓν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀμετάβολον, παροξύνεται, ἰσχίον, ἱστίον, ὀγκίον, κυμβίον, ἀντίον τὸ τοῦ ἱστοῦ. τὸ σίλφιον καὶ ὅρκιον προπαροξύνεται. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ηϊον' Ἰωνικὰ προπαροξύνεται, λήϊον, νήϊον· ἔστι καὶ Νήϊον ὄρος Ἰθάκης, ἀφ´ οὗ κατὰ Κράτητα αἱ νηϊάδες, οἱ δὲ τὰς διατριβούσας περὶ τὰ νάματα. αἱ δὲ νηϊάδες ἀπὸ τοῦ νήϊος ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ νηΐς. τὸ δὲ Ὑπονήϊον σύνθετον ὡς τὸ Ἐπικνημίδιοι. Λυκήϊον, Μιδήϊον πόλις Φρυγίας, ἣ Μιδάϊον καὶ Μιδάειον λέγεται. Ταρσήϊον πόλις πρὸς ταῖς Ἡρακλείαις στήλαις. Πολύβιος τρίτῳ (c. 24). ποσιδήϊον «ποσιδήϊον, ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ» (Β 506), ἐκ τοῦ ποσίδειον παρὰ τὸ Ποσιδέης ὡς Ἡράκλειον παρὰ τὸ Ἡρακλέης. σημήϊον, μνημήϊον, βασιλήϊον, παρήϊον «τῆς τήκετο καλὰ παρήϊα» (Od. τ 208). λαισήϊον. λέγονται δὲ πάντα τὰ κατὰ μάχην σκεπαστήρια λαισήϊα διὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ λαιᾷ φέρεσθαι. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ωϊον' προπαροξύνεται. Ἀλώϊον πόλις Θεσσαλίας ἐπὶ τῶν Τέμπεων, ἣν ἔκτισαν οἱ Ἀλωάδαι καθελόντες τοὺς Θρᾷκας. ὡς εἶναι αὐτὴν ἀπὸ Ἀλωέος. Ὁμολώϊον τεμενικὸν κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ 'ω' ἐκ τοῦ Ὁμόλιον. Πᾶν εἰς 'ιον' ὑπὲρ τρεῖς συλλαβὰς μονογενὲς κύριον ἢ προσηγορικὸν ἢ ὑποκοριστικὸν προπαροξύνεται, Περγάντιον πόλις Λιγύων, Αἰάντιον, Βυζάντιον, ἀρτοπώλιον, πλοιάριον, παρθένιον, Διωνύσιον, οἰνοπώλιον, κωδώνιον, αὐχένιον, διαβούλιον. * Τὰ εἰς 'ιον' ὑπὲρ τρεῖς συλλαβὰς 'β', 'γ', 'δ', 'ζ', 'θ' παραληγόμενα προπαροξύνεται, ἱπποφόρβιον, συφόρβιον, Κανήβιον πόλις Καρίας ἡ ὕστερον Κύον, Λανούβιον πόλις περὶ τὴν Ῥώμην. κυνήγιον, ὀρροπύγιον, Σηράγγιον, φαλάγγιον. Ἀμύργιον πεδίον Σακῶν. Ἑλλάνικος Σκυθικοῖς. Ἁρπάγια τόπος περὶ Κύζικον, ὅθεν ἡρπάσθαι φασὶ Γανυμήδην. Στυλλάγιον πόλις Τριφυλίας. Σεσίνδιον πόλις Ἰνδική. Σιλίνδιον πόλισμα περὶ τὴν Ἴδην, ὡς Δημήτριος ὁ Σκήψιος
Trisyllabic appellatives in -ιον that have before the ι two consonants, of which neither, or only one, is immutable, are accented on the penult: ἰσχίον, ἱστίον, ὀγκίον, κυμβίον, ἀντίον, the one meaning “of the mast.” But σίλφιον and ὅρκιον are accented on the antepenult. Ionic forms in -ηϊον are accented on the antepenult: λήϊον, νήϊον; there is also Νήϊον, a mountain of Ithaca, from which, according to Crates, come the νηϊάδες, while others say they are those who spend their time about the springs. The νηϊάδες are from νήϊος or from νηΐς. But Ὑπονήϊον is a compound, like Ἐπικνημίδιοι. Λυκήϊον; Μιδήϊον, a city of Phrygia, which is also called Μιδάϊον and Μιδάειον. Ταρσήϊον, a city by the Heraclean pillars. Polybius in the third book (c. 24). ποσιδήϊον: “ποσιδήϊον, glorious water” (Β 506), from ποσίδειον, from Ποσιδέης, as Ἡράκλειον from Ἡρακλέης. σημήϊον, μνημήϊον, βασιλήϊον, παρήϊον: “her fair παρήϊα were melting” (Od. τ 208). λαισήϊον. And all coverings used in battle are called λαισήϊα because they are carried on the left side. Words in -ωϊον are accented on the antepenult. Ἀλώϊον, a city of Thessaly on the Tempe, which the Aloadae founded after overthrowing the Thracians, so that it is from Ἀλωέος. Ὁμολώϊον, a sacred precinct, by addition of ω, from Ὁμόλιον. Every simple proper name or appellative or diminutive in -ιον of more than three syllables is accented on the antepenult: Περγάντιον, a city of the Ligyes; Αἰάντιον, Βυζάντιον, ἀρτοπώλιον, πλοιάριον, παρθένιον, Διωνύσιον, οἰνοπώλιον, κωδώνιον, αὐχένιον, διαβούλιον. Words in -ιον of more than three syllables whose penult contains β, γ, δ, ζ, θ are accented on the antepenult: ἱπποφόρβιον, συφόρβιον, Κανήβιον, a city of Caria later called Κύον; Λανούβιον, a city near Rome; κυνήγιον, ὀρροπύγιον, Σηράγγιον, φαλάγγιον. Ἀμύργιον, a plain of the Sacae. Hellanicus in the Scythica. Ἁρπάγια, a place near Cyzicus, whence they say Ganymede was snatched away. Στυλλάγιον, a city of Triphylia. Σεσίνδιον, a city of India. Σιλίνδιον, a small city near Ida, as Demetrius of Scepsis (says).