Greek glossary entries listing place-names and ethnics; notes on phonetic s→r change (Dyrrachion) and accentuation patterns for words with the suffix -αιον (proparoxytone rules for two or three+ syllables), plus various toponyms and forms.
τοῦ 'σ' Δυσράχιον αὐτὴν καλεῖ «Δυσραχίου τ´ Ἐπίδαμνος ἐπ´ ἀγχιάλου χθονὸς ἀκτῆς». δυσράχιον γάρ ἐστι, ὅ ἐστι δυσέξοχον. τρέψαν δὲ τὸ 'σ' εἰς 'ρ' εὐφωνότερον λαλεῖται Δυρράχιον, καθάπερ καὶ Τυρσηνός Τυρρηνός, ταρσός ταρρός, πυρσός πυρρός. Δουλίχιον μία τῶν Ἐχινάδων νήσων, ἡ καὶ Δολίχα καλουμένη ἀπὸ Δουλιχίου τοῦ Τριπτολέμου. Ὠρύχιον τόπος τῆς Ἀττικῆς. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αιον' μονογενῆ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς προπαροξύνεται, Ἥραιον τὸ τέμενος καὶ πόλις Θρᾴκης. Ἡρόδοτος τετάρτῃ (c. 90). τὸ δὲ Ἡραῖον τεῖχος. ἔλαιον, Δίρκαιον, Κίρκαιον τὸ ὄρος, τρόπαιον καὶ τροπαῖον Ἀττικῶς, νόμαιον τὸ μονογενές, οὔραιον, Σκύλλαιον ἄκρα, περὶ ἧς Ἑκαταῖος ἐν Εὐρώπῃ φησίν. πρέμναιον. Κότταιον τὸ ὄρος, Ἕρμαιον, Φοίβαιον, Κύταιον πόλις Κρήτης, γύναιον, Λύκαιον τὸ ὄρος, κώπαιον, δέραιον, νύμφαιον καὶ Νύμφαιον πόλις Ταυρικὴ μεταξὺ Παντικαπαίου μητροπόλεως καὶ Θεοδοσίας, ὥς φησι Στράβων, τὸ δὲ νυμφαῖον κτητικόν. Λέχαιον, Φύταιον πόλις Αἰτωλίας. Πολύβιος ἑνδεκάτῳ. Χάλαιον πόλις Λοκρῶν. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ «μετὰ δὲ Λοκροί· ἐν δὲ Χάλαιον πόλις, ἐν δὲ Οἰάνθη πόλις». σπήλαιον τὸ ἄντρον. Τύπαιον ὄρος Ἤλιδος. Παυσανίας Ἠλιακῶν αʹ (c. 6, 7). Σάρδαιον ὄρος περὶ Ἀσωπόν. Μάρκαιον ὄρος τῆς Τρῳάδος πρὸς τῇ Γέργιθι. Λήναια ἀγὼν Διονύσου ἐν ἀγροῖς. τὸ δὲ Τομαῖον ὄρος παρὰ τὸ Κορυφάσιον τῆς Πύλου καὶ Σηταῖον χωρίον παρὰ Σύβαριν καὶ Συρμαῖον πεδίον μεταξὺ Νομάδων τε καὶ Ναβαταίων. Τυχαῖον ὄρος μεταξὺ Ἐρετρίας καὶ Βοιωτίας καὶ Θυραῖον πόλις Ἀρκάδων καὶ Πισσαῖον πόλις Πελαγονίας. Μαζαῖον τόπος ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ κατὰ παραφθορὰν ἐκ τοῦ Ἀμαζόνειον, ὡς Ἀρριανὸς ἐν Βιθυνιακοῖς. Ῥιπαῖα ὄρος Ὑπερβορέων—προπερισπᾶται ἐπιθετικὰ ὄντα. τὸ ἀρχαῖον προπερισπᾶται ὡς τριγενὲς καὶ τὸ χαῖον ὡς δισύλλαβον. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'αιον' μονογενῆ ὑπὲρ τρεῖς συλλαβὰς προπαροξύνεται, Ἀθήναιον τὸ τέμενος, Λιλύβαιον ἡ πρὸς δύσιν ἄκρα τῆς Σικελίας. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. ἔστι καὶ πόλις. κεφάλαιον, περιβόλαιον, Φωτίναιον
Dyrrachium he calls it with sigma: «and Epidaamnos of Dyrrachium upon the shore of the sea-girt land». For it is δυσράχιον, that is, “hard to project” (i.e. difficult of access). But when the σ is changed to ρ it is pronounced more euphoniously, Δυρράχιον, just as also Τυρσηνός becomes Τυρρηνός, ταρσός becomes ταρρός, πυρσός becomes πυρρός. Δουλίχιον is one of the Echinades islands, also called Δολίχα, from Δουλίχιος son of Triptolemus. Ὠρύχιον is a place in Attica.
The monogender nouns in -αιον of more than two syllables are accented with the antepenult: Ἥραιον, the precinct, and a city of Thrace. Herodotus in the fourth book (c. 90). But Ἡραῖον is “Heraean wall”. ἔλαιον, Δίρκαιον, Κίρκαιον the mountain, τρόπαιον—and τροπαῖον in Attic—, νόμαιον (the monogender), οὔραιον, Σκύλλαιον, a headland, concerning which Hecataeus in his Europa says; πρέμναιον. Κότταιον the mountain, Ἕρμαιον, Φοίβαιον, Κύταιον, a city of Crete, γύναιον, Λύκαιον the mountain, κώπαιον, δέραιον, νύμφαιον; and Νύμφαιον, a city of the Tauric land between Panticapaeum the metropolis and Theodosia, as Strabo says; but νυμφαῖον is possessive. Λέχαιον, Φύταιον, a city of Aetolia. Polybius in the eleventh book. Χάλαιον, a city of the Locrians. Hecataeus in his Europa: «and after these, the Locrians; and among them is the city Χάλαιον, and among them the city Οἰάνθη». σπήλαιον, “the cave”. Τύπαιον, a mountain of Elis. Pausanias, Eliaca I (c. 6, 7). Σάρδαιον, a mountain near the Asopus. Μάρκαιον, a mountain of the Troad near Gergis. Λήναια, a contest of Dionysus in the countryside. And Τομαῖον is a mountain by Coryphasium of Pylos, and Σηταῖον a district by Sybaris, and Συρμαῖον a plain between the Nomads and the Nabataeans. Τυχαῖον, a mountain between Eretria and Boeotia, and Θυραῖον, a city of the Arcadians, and Πισσαῖον, a city of Pelagonia. Μαζαῖον, a place in Bithynia, by corruption from Ἀμαζόνειον, as Arrian says in his Bithyniaca. Ῥιπαῖα, a mountain of the Hyperboreans—being adjectival, it is accented with the circumflex on the antepenult. The ancient form is accented with the circumflex on the antepenult as being of three terminations, and χαῖον as being disyllabic.
The monogender nouns in -αιον of more than three syllables are accented with the antepenult: Ἀθήναιον, the precinct; Λιλύβαιον, the western headland of Sicily. Hecataeus in his Europa. There is also a city. κεφάλαιον, περιβόλαιον, Φωτίναιον.