List of ancient Greek place-names (cities, mountains, demes) with etymologies and mythic name-derivations, notes on accentuation of -αιον and -ειον endings, and brief citations (Hecataeus, Archemachos, Pausanias, Homer).
πόλις Θεσσαλίας ὡς Ἑκαταῖος περιηγήσει Εὐρώπης. Νακόλαιον πόλις Φρυγίας, ἣ καὶ Νακόλεια, ἀπὸ Νακόλης νύμφης· ὥσπερ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ νύμφη νύμφαιον καὶ Ἥρα Ἥραιον, οὕτω Νακόλη Νακόλαιον. Κοτύλαιον ὄρος Εὐβοίας ἀνακείμενον Ἀρτέμιδι, ὥς φησιν Ἀρχέμαχος ἐν Εὐβοϊκῶν βʹ. Κυδαθήναιον δῆμος τῆς Πανδιονίδος φυλῆς. Παντικάπαιον πόλις μεγίστη, τῶν κατὰ Βόσπορον μητρόπολις. ᾠκίσθη δὲ παρὰ Αἰήτου παιδός, λαβόντος τὸν τόπον παρὰ Ἀγαήτου τοῦ Σκυθῶν βασιλέως καὶ καλέσαντος τὴν πόλιν ἀπὸ τοῦ παραρρέοντος ποταμοῦ Παντικάπου. Λαπίθαιον ὄνομα ὄρους τῆς Λακωνικῆς. Φοινίκαιον ὄρος Κορίνθου. Ἔφορος ἐννεακαιδεκάτῳ. Προστρόπαια πόλις Σικελίας. Τυμέναιον ὄρος περὶ Φρυγίαν. χωρὶς τοῦ Χαλαστραῖον νίτρον καὶ Ἠλακαταῖον ὄρος Θεσσαλίας καὶ Καναστραῖον ἄκρον Θρᾴκης καὶ Μακεδονίας, ὃ καὶ Κάναστρον λέγεται, καὶ Ἀραχναῖον ὄρος Ἄργους. Καλλίμαχος Αἰτίων αʹ. καὶ Ἀμυκλαῖον πόλις ἐν Κρήτῃ καὶ ὅρμος. τὰ γὰρ διὰ τοῦ 'αιον' ἁπλᾶ ὑπὲρ τρεῖς συλλαβὰς ἔχοντα τὴν τετάρτην ἀπὸ τέλους διὰ τοῦ 'α' καὶ τὴν ἑξῆς διὰ τοῦ 'α' ἢ διὰ τοῦ 'υ' περισπᾶται. πρόσκειται δ´ ἁπλᾶ διὰ τὸ κατάγαιον. ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ Στεφαναῖον πόλις Φωκίδος, ἣ καὶ Στεφάνη λέγεται, καὶ τὸ Κορυφαῖον, ὄρος ἐστὶ τῶν Ἐπιδαυρίων, ἐν ᾧ τιμᾶται Ἄρτεμις Κορυφαία. Παυσανίας δευτέρῳ (c. 28, 2). καὶ τὸ Τιλφωσσαῖον ὄρος ἐν Ἀλαλκομενίᾳ. Ἔφορος—προπερισπᾶται. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ειον' τρισύλλαβα προπαροξύνεται κύρια ὄντα, Βούδειον. Ὅμηρος «ὅς ῥ´ ἐν Βουδείῳ εὖ ναιομένῳ» (Il. Π 572). πόλις ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ τῇ κατὰ Εὐρώπην ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκίσαντος Βουδείου. λέγεται καὶ Βούδεια. Χλούνειον τόπος ἐν Αἰτωλίᾳ, ὅπου ἦν ὁ χλούνης.
A city of Thessaly, as Hecataeus [says] in the Circuit of Europe. Νακόλαιον, a city of Phrygia, which is also Νακόλεια, from Νακόλη the nymph; for just as from νύμφη [comes] νύμφαιον and from Ἥρα [comes] Ἥραιον, so from Νακόλη [comes] Νακόλαιον. Κοτύλαιον, a mountain of Euboea dedicated to Artemis, as Archemacus says in the second book of the Euboeica. Κυδαθήναιον, a deme of the Pandionid tribe. Παντικάπαιον, a very great city, the metropolis of those along the Bosporus. It was founded by the son of Aeetes, who received the place from Agaetus the king of the Scythians and called the city from the river Παντικάπος that flows by. Λαπίθαιον, the name of a mountain of Laconia. Φοινίκαιον, a mountain of Corinth. Ephorus in the nineteenth [book]. Προστρόπαια, a city of Sicily. Τυμέναιον, a mountain in the region of Phrygia. Apart from Χαλαστραῖον, nitre, and Ἠλακαταῖον, a mountain of Thessaly, and Καναστραῖον, a headland of Thrace and Macedonia, which is also called Κάναστρον, and Ἀραχναῖον, a mountain of Argos. Callimachus, Aetia book 1. And Ἀμυκλαῖον, a city in Crete and a harbor. For the simple words in -αιον, having more than three syllables, with the fourth from the end containing α and the next containing either α or υ, are circumflexed. And “simple” is added on account of κατάγαιον. Further, also Στεφαναῖον, a city of Phocis, which is also called Στεφάνη, and Κορυφαῖον, which is a mountain of the Epidaurians, in which Artemis Κορυφαία is honored. Pausanias in the second [book] (c. 28, 2). And Τιλφωσσαῖον, a mountain in Alalcomenia. Ephorus— it is circumflexed on the antepenult. The trisyllables in -ειον, being proper names, are accented on the antepenult: Βούδειον. Homer: “who dwelt well in well-inhabited Βουδείῳ” (Il. Π 572). A city in Magnesia in Europe, from the founder Βουδεῖος. It is also called Βούδεια. Χλούνειον, a place in Aetolia, where the χλούνης was.