Accentuation rules for Greek place-names, focusing on words ending in -ων and related disyllabic forms; treatment of local and poetic variants with examples (Ἰτών, Γυρτών, Κρότων, Σιδών, etc.).
τὸ δὲ τρήρων, μήκων, γλήχων βαρύνονται φυλάττοντα τὸ 'ω' ἐπὶ τῆς γενικῆς. Τὰ εἰς 'ων' δισύλλαβα ἐπὶ πόλεων ὀξύνονται· εἰ δέ τι βαρυνθῇ, ἑτέρῳ χαρακτῆρι ἢ διαστολῇ σημαινομένου, Ἠϊών, Πλευρών, Πυθών, Σιδών, Γυρτών πόλις Θεσσαλίας καὶ Περραιβίας, ἣν Ὅμηρος Γυρτώνην καλεῖ ὡς Ἰτώνην καὶ Ἴτωνα, ἀπὸ Γύρτωνος τοῦ Φλεγύου ἀδελφοῦ, ὅστις αὐτὴν ἔκτισεν. Αἰσών. Δερτών πόλις Λιγύρων, Κρηστών πόλις Θρᾴκης παρ´ Ἡροδότῳ (I 57)· λέγεται καὶ Κρηστώνη Λυκόφρων (v. 937) «ὁρμοκωτῆσαι τόν τε Κρηστώνης θεόν». Κραννών, Νεών. τὸ Ἴτων πόλις Θεσσαλίας βαρύνεται ὡς ἑτέρῳ κανόνι ὑποπεσόν—καθόλου γὰρ τὰ εἰς 'των' δισύλλαβα φύσει μακρᾷ παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται, μὴ ὄντα τοπικά. πρόσκειται μὴ ὄντα τοπικὰ διὰ τὸ κοιτών. τὰ δὲ ἄλλα βαρύτονα. Πλούτων, γείτων, Τρίτων, Κρίτων, Βίτων. ἐκτέταται δὲ ποιητικῶς τὸ «Ἴτωνά τε μητέρα μήλων» (Β 696). οἱ δὲ ἐγχώριοι ὀξυτόνως αὐτήν φασιν Ἰτών· τινὲς δὲ Σιτῶνα αὐτήν φασι διὰ τὸ σιτοφόρον. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἡ Ἴτωνος ἀπὸ Ἰτώνου ἥρωος, ἀφ´ οὗ καὶ Ἰτωνία ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ, ἥτις καὶ Ἰτώνη. σεσημείωται τὸ Σούλμων πόλις Σικελίας. τὸ δὲ Κρότων διαστολὴν ἔχει σημαινομένου. Τὰ εἰς 'ων' ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ἐπὶ πόλεων ὀξύνεσθαι θέλει, εἰ μὴ εἰς 'λων' λήγοι, ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ τέλους 'α', ἢ ἔννοιαν συνθέσεως ἔχοι, Ἐλεών, Μεδεών Βοιωτικὴ πόλις. καὶ Φωκικὴ ἑτέρα. Στράβων ἐνάτῃ. ἐκλήθη δὲ ἀπὸ Μεδεῶνος τοῦ Πυλάδου καὶ Ἠλέκτρας. ἔστι καὶ τῆς Ἠπείρου πόλις καὶ κώμη.... Πετεών πόλις Βοιωτίας, Πορφυρεών πόλις Φοινίκη, Μεδιών, Σικυών, Βαβυλών. σεσημείωται τὸ Ἀσκάλων καὶ Καστάλων βαρύτονα ὡς εἰς 'αλων' ληγόμενα· τὸ δὲ
But τρήρων, μήκων, γλήχων are accented with the grave, preserving the ω in the genitive. Disyllables in -ων, when they are names of cities, are accented with the acute; but if any is accented with the grave, it is indicated by another sign or by a diastole, as Ἠϊών, Πλευρών, Πυθών, Σιδών, Γυρτών, a city of Thessaly and Perrhaebia, which Homer calls Γυρτώνην, as (he calls) Ἰτώνην and Ἴτωνα, from Gyrton, brother of Phlegyas, who founded it. Αἰσών. Δερτών, a city of the Ligurians; Κρηστών, a city of Thrace in Herodotus (I 57); it is also called Κρηστώνη in Lycophron (v. 937): «ὁρμοκωτῆσαι τόν τε Κρηστώνης θεόν». Κραννών, Νεών. Ἴτων, a city of Thessaly, is accented with the grave, as falling under another rule—for in general disyllables in -των, with a naturally long penult, are accented with the grave, when they are not place-names. The proviso “when they are not place-names” is added because of κοιτών. The others, however, are barytone: Πλούτων, γείτων, Τρίτων, Κρίτων, Βίτων. And poetically the phrase is lengthened: «Ἴτωνά τε μητέρα μήλων» (Β 696). But the natives pronounce it with an acute, Ἰτών; and some call it Σιτῶνα because it is grain-bearing. It is also said that Ἴτωνος is from the hero Ἰτώνoς, from whom too comes Ἰτωνία Athena, who is also (called) Ἰτώνη. Noted is Σούλμων, a city of Sicily. And Κρότων has a diastole, as being distinguished in meaning. Forms in -ων of more than two syllables, when they are names of cities, wish to be accented with the acute, unless they end in -λων with an α before the final syllable, or have the notion of composition: Ἐλεών, Μεδεών, a Boeotian city—and another in Phocis; Strabo in the ninth (book). It was named from Medeon, son of Pylades and Electra. There is also a city and a village of Epirus.... Πετεών, a city of Boeotia; Πορφυρεών, a city of Phoenicia; Μεδιών, Σικυών, Βαβυλών. Noted are Ἀσκάλων and Καστάλων as barytone, since they end in -αλων; but ...