Accent and phonological rules for place-names and monosyllabic names; dialectal examples (Argolis, Sicily, Kynosarges); lists of monosyllables and morphological alternations (metathesis, acute accentuation, Dorian/Ionian variants).
δεκάτη τὸ Ἀργολικόν. ἑνδεκάτη ἡ Φαιάκων Ὑπέρεια. Ἄργος δὲ σχεδὸν πᾶν πεδίον κατὰ θάλασσαν. Βῖδος φρούριον ἐν Σικελίᾳ. εὕρηται δὲ καὶ διὰ διφθόγγου καὶ διὰ τοῦ 'ι'. Ἕρμος ὡς ἕρκος οὐδετέρως δῆμος τῆς Ἀκαμαντίδος φυλῆς. λέγεται καὶ Ἕρμοι. τέμενος· ἔστι καὶ Τέμενος τόπος Σικελίας ὑπὸ τὰς Ἐπιπολὰς πρὸς ταῖς Συρακούσαις. τὸ ἔλεγχος, τὸ σκότος, τὸ τάριχος γέγονε κατὰ μεταβολὴν τοῦ γένους ἐκ τοῦ ὁ ἔλεγχος, ὁ σκότος, ὁ τάριχος. αἱ δὲ μετοχαὶ ὀξύνονται, τὸ τετυφός, πεποιηκός. Τὰ εἰς 'ες' μονογενῆ προπαροξύνεται, Κυνόσαργες γυμνάσιον ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ καὶ δῆμος, ἀπὸ Διόμου, ἀφ´ οὗ ὁ χῶρος Ἀθήνησι Διόμεια καλεῖται. Δίομος γὰρ Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων τὰ ξενώσων (?) ἱερὰ Ἡρακλεῖ ἥρῳ ἔδειξε καὶ αὐτῷ κύων λευκὸς ἁρπάσας τὰ μηρία εἰς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον ἤνεγκε. ὅμαρες τὸ συμφωνοῦν, πεύκαες τὸ πικρόν, ῥώπαες τὸ ἀλσῶδες, πάνακες, δονάκαες. τὰ δὲ ἐπιθετικὰ ὀξύνεται ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἀρσενικά, εὐσεβές, εὐγενές. {1ΠΕΡΙ ΜΟΝΟΣΥΛΛΑΒΩΝ ΟΝΟΜΑΤΩΝ. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ ιδʹ.}1 Πᾶν ὄνομα μονοσύλλαβον οὐδέτερον μακροκατάληκτον, εἴτε ἀπαθὲς εἴη εἴτε πεπονθός, περισπᾶται καὶ ἔστι τὰ μονοσύλλαβα τῶν στοιχείων ὀνόματα εἶ, μῦ, νῦ, ξῖ, οὖ, πῖ, ῥῶ, ταῦ, φῖ, χῖ, ψῖ, ὦ. —πᾶν ἀπὸ τοῦ πᾶς καὶ τὸ δῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ δῶμα καὶ τὸ φᾶρ τὸ ἱμάτιον ἀπὸ τοῦ φᾶρος καὶ κρῖ, σταῖς, στῆρ τὸ στέαρ, οὖς, ὦς, φῶς, πῦρ, σκῶρ· τοῦτο δέ φασι Δωριεῖς ὀξύνειν· τὰ δὲ ἔχοντα βραχεῖαν ὀξύνεται, ἕν, τίς τί. Πᾶν ὄνομα μονοσύλλαβον εἰς 'ν' λῆγον ἀρσενικὸν καὶ θηλυκὸν ὀξύνεται, Πάν ὁ δαίμων, Δάν· οὕτως εἴρηται ὑπὸ Βοιωτῶν ὁ Ζεύς, Ζάν· οὕτω γὰρ εἴρηται ὁ θεὸς ὑπὸ τῶν μεταγενεστέρων Αἰολέων· καὶ ἔτι οἱ μεταγενέστεροι Ἴωνες διὰ τοῦ 'α' Ζάν ὁμοίως τῷ Λυκᾶνι «κλῦθί μοι
Tenth: the Argolic (form). Eleventh: the Phaeacians’ Ὑπέρεια. Ἄργος is, for the most part, all a plain by the sea. Βῖδος: a fort in Sicily. It is found also both with a diphthong and with ‘ι’. Ἕρμος, like ἕρκος, neuter: a deme of the Acamantis tribe; it is also said Ἕρμοι. τέμενος: there is also Τέμενος, a place of Sicily under the Epipolae near Syracuse. τὸ ἔλεγχος, τὸ σκότος, τὸ τάριχος have come about by change of gender from ὁ ἔλεγχος, ὁ σκότος, ὁ τάριχος. But the participles are accented with an acute, τὸ τετυφός, πεποιηκός. The monogender nouns in -ες are accented on the antepenult: Κυνόσαργες, a gymnasium in Attica and a deme, from Δίομος, from whom the place at Athens is called Διόμεια. For Δίομος, sacrificing to Heracles as to a god, showed the sacred rites of hospitality (?) to Heracles the hero, and a white dog, having snatched the thigh-pieces, carried them to this spot. ὅμαρες: ‘the agreeing’; πεύκαες: ‘the bitter’; ῥώπαες: ‘the wooded’; πάνακες, δονάκαες. But the adjectival (forms) are accented with an acute, just as the masculine (ones), εὐσεβές, εὐγενές.
{ON MONOSYLLABIC NOUNS. BOOK 14.}
Every monosyllabic neuter noun with a long final syllable, whether uninflected or inflected, takes the circumflex; and the monosyllables that are names of letters are εἶ, μῦ, νῦ, ξῖ, οὖ, πῖ, ῥῶ, ταῦ, φῖ, χῖ, ψῖ, ὦ. —πᾶν from πᾶς, and δῶ from δῶμα, and φᾶρ, ‘the garment’, from φᾶρος, and κρῖ, σταῖς, στῆρ ‘tallow’, οὖς, ὦς, φῶς, πῦρ, σκῶρ; but this the Dorians, they say, accent with an acute. But those that have a short (vowel) are accented with an acute: ἕν, τίς, τί. Every monosyllabic noun ending in -ν, masculine and feminine, is accented with an acute: Πάν the daimon, Δάν; thus among the Boeotians Zeus is called Ζάν; for thus the god is called by the later Aeolians; and further the later Ionians, with ‘α’, (say) Ζάν likewise as (they do) Λυκᾶνι: “Hear me…”