Dialectal phonology: Aeolic delta to beta, syllable loss and contraction, monosyllabic name declensions and accentuation/oxytone patterns with examples (Delphoi, Phoenicia, various names)
τὸ μέντοι πῦρ, ὅπερ Σιμωνίδης καὶ ἕνεκα μέτρου δισυλλάβως ἀπεφήνατο· »τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα φῆρες ἔστυγον πύϊρ«, στῆρ, κῆρ τὸ κέαρ, σκῶρ ἡ κόπρος ὡς οὐδέτερα περισπᾶται. ὡσαύτως καὶ βλῆρ Αἰολικῶς τὸ δέλεαρ. οἱ Αἰολεῖς τὸ 'δ' εἰς 'β' τρέπουσι· τοὺς γὰρ δελφῖνας βελφῖνάς φασι καὶ τοὺς Δελφούς Βελφούς· οὕτως οὖν δέλεαρ βέλεαρ καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν καὶ συναλοιφὴν βλῆρ πεποίηται. οὕτω καὶ οἱ Βοιωτοὶ ποιοῦσι. τὸ δὲ Σῦρ οὐ σύνηθες παρὰ Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλ´ ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον, ἄλλως τε οὐδ´ ἄντικρυς οὐδέτερον. οὕτω γὰρ ἐκαλεῖτο πρότερον ἡ Φοινίκη. Τὰ εἰς 'ας' μονοσύλλαβα, εἰ μὲν ἀποβολῇ τοῦ 'ς' τὴν γενικὴν ποιοῦσι, περισπῶνται, ὁ Γρᾶς τοῦ Γρᾶ, ὁ Θᾶς τοῦ Θᾶ ὄνομα κύριον, ὁ Χνᾶς τοῦ Χνᾶ· οὕτως δὲ ἐλέγετο ὁ Ἀγήνωρ, ὅθεν καὶ ἡ Φοινίκη Χνᾶ λέγεται. Δᾶς· ὄνομα δὲ τοῦτο ποταμοῦ. Βᾶς· ἱστορεῖται δὲ οὗτος βασιλεὺς Πόντου. Λᾶς· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ποταμὸν καὶ λίθον καὶ πόλιν σημαίνει· πᾶς πᾶ ὁ πατήρ· εἰ δὲ περιττοσυλλάβως κλίνοιτο μονογενῆ ὄντα, ὀξύνεται, Πράς Πράντος ὄνομα πόλεως Περραιβικῆς καὶ ποταμοῦ καὶ τὸ ἐθνικὸν ὁμοφώνως, εἰ καὶ ἐν τῷ Ὀνοματικῷ εἶπον αὐτὸ περισπᾶσθαι, Ζάς Ζάντος ὁ Ζεύς, Φθάς κύριον, κράς ἡ κεφαλή. τοῦτο δὲ μόνον διὰ τοῦ 'τ' ἐκλίθη, τῶν ἄλλων μονοσυλλάβων ὀξυτόνων μετοχικῶς κατὰ τὸ φάς φάντος διὰ τοῦ 'ντ' κλινομένων. ἔχομεν δὲ χρῆσιν τῆς εὐθείας παρὰ Σιμμίᾳ τῷ Ῥοδίῳ οὕτως »χρυσῷ τοι φαέθοντι πολύλλιτος ἐμφέρεται κράς«. τὸ μέντοι πᾶς παντός τριγενές. τὸ δὲ δᾴς δᾳδός τοῦ 'ι' προσγεγραμμένου ὀξύνεται ὡς ἐκ τοῦ δαΐς ὀξυνομένου συναιρεθέν.
The word πῦρ, however—which Simonides, for metrical reasons, also produced as disyllabic: «τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα φῆρες ἔστυγον πύϊρ»—as well as στῆρ, κῆρ (i.e. τὸ κέαρ), and σκῶρ (i.e. ἡ κόπρος), are circumflexed as neuters. Likewise also βλῆρ, in Aeolic, for τὸ δέλεαρ. The Aeolians change δ into β: for they call the δελφῖνες βελφῖναι and the Δελφοί Βελφοί; thus, then, δέλεαρ becomes βέλεαρ, and by syncope and contraction it has been made βλῆρ. In this way the Boeotians do as well.
But Σῦρ is not in common use among the Greeks, but belongs to historical tradition, and in any case is not straightforwardly neuter; for thus Phoenicia was formerly called.
Monosyllables in -ας, if they make the genitive by dropping the -ς, are circumflexed: ὁ Γρᾶς, τοῦ Γρᾶ; ὁ Θᾶς, τοῦ Θᾶ (a proper name); ὁ Χνᾶς, τοῦ Χνᾶ. Thus Ἀγήνωρ was also called, whence Phoenicia too is called Χνᾶ. Δᾶς: this is the name of a river. Βᾶς: this man is recorded as a king of Pontus. Λᾶς: this signifies both a river and a stone and a city. πᾶς, πᾶ: ‘father’. But if, being monogenes, it is declined with an extra syllable, it is accented with an acute: Πράς, Πράντος (the name of a Perrhaebian city and a river, and the ethnic likewise homophonous), although in the Onomasticon I said that it is circumflexed; Ζάς, Ζάντος (Zeus); Φθάς (a proper name); κράς, ‘head’. This alone is declined with -τ-, whereas the other monosyllabic oxytones are declined participially, like φάς, φάντος, with -ντ-. And we have a use of the nominative in Simmias of Rhodes thus: «χρυσῷ τοι φαέθοντι πολύλλιτος ἐμφέρεται κράς».
The form πᾶς, παντός, however, is trigene. And δᾴς, δᾳδός, with the iota written, is accented with an acute, as having been contracted from δαΐς, which is accented with an acute.