Passage describes accentuation patterns of Greek monosyllabic nouns and adjectives (e.g., ναῦς/νᾶς, γραῦς, βαῦς, παῖς, σταῖς, δαῖς), behavior of endings in -αις, -εις, -οις, -ευς, Aeolic forms, and how presence or loss of syllables affects acute/circumflex and recessive accents; includes examples and brief citations (Hesiod).
Τὸ ναῦς ὃ καὶ νᾶς, καὶ γραῦς καὶ βαῦς μόνως θηλυκὰ περισπᾶται καὶ τὰ εἰς 'αις' μονοσύλλαβα, παῖς κοινὸν κατὰ γένος· ἔστι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ πάϊς· σταῖς οὐδέτερον. τὸ δὲ δαίς ἡ εὐωχία θηλυκὸν ὀξύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'εἰς' μονογενῆ ὀξύνονται, δείς ἄρρητον, ὅπερ ἀεὶ μετὰ τῆς οὐ ἀποφάσεως ἢ τῆς μή ἀπαγορεύσεως σύνεστιν, οὐδείς μηδείς. μείς Αἰολικῶς ὁ μήν, κτείς καὶ κλείς θηλυκόν. τὸ μέντοι εἷς περισπᾶται ὡς τριγενές. τὰ γὰρ εἰς 'εις' λήγοντα ὀνόματα κοινολεκτούμενα ἔχοντα οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμὸν ἀποστρέφονται τὴν ὀξεῖαν τάσιν οἷον χαρίεις χαρίεν, δαφνήεις δαφνῆεν, αὐδήεις αὐδῆεν. τούτῳ οὖν τῷ λόγῳ καὶ τὸ εἷς ἔχον οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμὸν οἷον τὸ ἕν ἀποστρέφεται τὴν ὀξεῖαν τάσιν. πρόσκειται »ὀνόματα« διὰ τὰς μετοχὰς οἷον διὰ τὸ τυφθείς τοῦ τυφθέντος, δαρείς δαρέντος, νυγείς νυγέντος. ταῦτα γὰρ ὀξύνονται. πρόσκειται »κοινολεκτούμενα«, ἐπεὶ τὸ εὐσεβής καὶ εὐγενής οἱ Βοιωτοὶ διὰ τῆς 'ει' διφθόγγου προφέρονται. πρόσκειται »ἔχοντα οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμόν« διὰ τὸ κτείς κτενός. τοῦτο γὰρ ὀξύνεται, ἀλλ´ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμόν. τὸ οὖν εἷς ὡς ἔχον οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμὸν οἷον τὸ ἕν οὐ δύναται ὀξύνεσθαι· ἀλλ´ οὐδὲ βαρύνεσθαι δύναται, ἐπεὶ μονοσύλλαβόν ἐστι, τὰ δὲ μονοσύλλαβα οὐδέποτε βαρύνονται, ἀλλ´ ἢ ὀξύνονται οἷον Κρής Τρώς πούς τίς νύξ φλόξ ἢ περισπῶνται οἷον βοῦς νοῦς παῖς γραῦς πᾶς. μὴ δυνάμενον οὖν τὸ εἷς μήτε ὀξύνεσθαι ὡς ἔχον οὐδετέρου παρασχηματισμὸν μήτε βαρύνεσθαι ὡς μονοσύλλαβον ἐξ ἀνάγκης περιεσπάσθη. Ἀμέλει ὅταν πλεονάσῃ τὸ 'ε' καὶ ὑπερβῇ τὴν μονοσυλλαβίαν βαρύνεται οἷον ἕεις ὡς παρὰ τῷ Ἡσιόδῳ (Theog. 145) »κυκλοτερὴς ὀφθαλμὸς ἕεις ἐνέκειτο μετώπῳ«. Τὰ εἰς 'οις' περισπᾶται· ἔστι δὲ δύο μόνα τὸ οἶς καὶ παρ´ Ἀττικοῖς τὸ φθοῖς συναιρεθέντα ἐκ δισυλλάβων τὸ ὄϊς καὶ φθόϊς. Τὰ εἰς 'ευς' μονοσύλλαβα ὀξύνεται, Ζεύς, Φλεύς ἐπὶ τοῦ Διονύσου κείμενον, ὡς ἐν ταῖς ἐπικλήσεσιν εὕρομεν, Νεύς ἐπὶ ποταμοῦ κείμενον, ὥς φησι Φιλέας, θεύς ἐκ συναλοιφῆς γενόμενον, Δεύς ὑπὸ Βοιωτῶν ὁ Ζεύς, σεύς ἀπὸ ἀναλογίας πλασσόμενον, Δνεύς ἐθνικὸν
The word ναῦς, which is also νᾶς, and γραῦς and βαῦς—only these feminine nouns are circumflexed—and the monosyllables in -αις: παῖς, common as to gender; but it is from πάϊς; and σταῖς, neuter. But δαίς, “banquet,” feminine, is accented with an acute. The monogender monosyllables in -εἰς are accented with an acute: δεῖς, an unutterable word, which is always used together with the negation οὐ or the prohibition μή, as in οὐδείς, μηδείς; μεῖς, Aeolic for “month”; and κτείς and κλείς, feminine. εἷς, however, is circumflexed as a three-gender word. For nouns ending in -εις, in common usage, which have a neuter corresponding form, avoid the acute accent, e.g. χαρίεις—χαρίεν, δαφνήεις—δαφνῆεν, αὐδήεις—αὐδῆεν. Accordingly, by the same principle, εἷς too, having a neuter corresponding form, namely ἕν, avoids the acute accent. The word “nouns” is added because of participles, e.g. τυφθείς (gen. τυφθέντος), δαρείς (δαρέντος), νυγείς (νυγέντος): for these are accented with an acute. “In common usage” is added because the Boeotians pronounce εὐσεβής and εὐγενής with the diphthong ει. “Having a neuter corresponding form” is added because of κτείς (gen. κτενός): for this is accented with an acute, but it has no neuter corresponding form. Therefore εἷς, as having a neuter corresponding form like ἕν, cannot be accented with an acute; but neither can it be accented with a grave, since it is monosyllabic, and monosyllables are never grave, but are either acute, as Κρής, Τρώς, πούς, τίς, νύξ, φλόξ, or circumflexed, as βοῦς, νοῦς, παῖς, γραῦς, πᾶς. Since, then, εἷς can neither be acute, because it has a neuter corresponding form, nor grave, because it is monosyllabic, it was of necessity circumflexed. Indeed, whenever the ε is added and it exceeds monosyllabicity, it is grave, as ἕεις, as in Hesiod (Theog. 145): “a round eye, ἕεις, lay in his forehead.” The words in -οις are circumflexed; and there are only two, οἶς and, among the Attics, φθοῖς, contracted from the disyllables ὄϊς and φθόϊς. The monosyllables in -ευς are accented with an acute: Ζεύς; Φλεύς, applied to Dionysus, as we have found in the epithets; Νεύς, applied to a river, as Phileas says; θεύς, formed by contraction; Δεύς, the Boeotian form of Ζεύς; σεύς, coined by analogy; and Δνεύς, an ethnic name.